Winston, there was a whole thread going on this recently but I cannot find it to offer you the link. I do have some research I did on the signers and they are mostly neo-cons.
I contacted Dr. Paul Kennedy, a renowned Yale history professor, because he did not fit the mold of the others I had researched. He responded quickly to my email and said he had signed the letter and gave me permission to quote his reason for signing:
"It is true that I argued strongly against the US going into Iraq, and have also written a lot about our overstretch into Central Asia. But if our leaders, in their political wisdom [and with a majority of voters who supported the Republican Party] decide to go marching all over the globe, then they cannot do it with the present numbers of Army and Marine ground troops. You either reduce your obligations to match your capacities, or you increase your capacities to match your obligations. It's a simple principle of Grand Strategy.
Besides, there are a lot of expensive weapons-systems being pushed by our pork-barrel Congress that could help pay for at least part of the increased manpower."
Here is the rest of my research on the people who signed- I have completed only thru Dr. Kennedy:
]Peter Beinart
http://www.tnr.com/showBio.mhtml?pid=14Peter Beinart has been Editor of The New Republic since November 1999.
He graduated from Yale University in 1993, winning both Rhodes and Marshall (declined) scholarships for graduate study at Oxford University.
After graduating from University College, Oxford in the summer of 1995 with a masters of philosophy degree in international relations, Beinart returned to TNR as managing editor. He became Senior Editor in June 1997 and Editor two years later. He writes TNR's weekly TRB column, which runs in The New York Post.
Beinart also writes a monthly column for The Washington Post, and has written for The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, The Boston Globe, The Atlantic Monthly, Newsweek, and Time, where he is a contributor.
He is a regular guest on CNN, and has appeared on ABC's "The Week with George Stephanopoulos," "Charlie Rose," "The McLaughlin Group," MTV, and many other television programs.
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Jeffrey Bergner http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jeffrey_Bergner
Jeffrey Bergner, Ph.D. is one of the signers of the January 26, 1998, Project for the New American Century (PNAC Letter) sent to President William Jefferson Clinton.[1][2]
Bergner is President and Managing Financial Partner of Bergner Bockorny, Inc. He is an Adjunct Professor, National Security Studies Program at Georgetown University.[3]
Bergner was Policy Director, Lugar for President Campaign; Staff Director, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations; Chief of Staff/Legislative Director, Senator Richard Lugar; Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania; and Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Michigan.[6]
Bergner has affiliations with The Asia Foundation; The Calvert Institute; The Hudson Institute; and, of course, the Project for the New American Century.[7]
Bergner received his B.A. from Carleton College (1969), M.A. at Princeton University (1971), and Ph.D. from Princeton (1973).[8]
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Daniel Blumenthal http://www.aei.org/scholars/scholarID.92,filter.all/scholar.asp
Daniel Blumenthal joined AEI (american Enterprise Institute)in November 2004. Previously, he was senior director for China, Taiwan and Mongolia in the Secretary of Defense's Office of International Security Affairs. Before his service at the Department of Defense, Blumenthal was practicing law in New York.
Professional Experience
-Country director for China and Taiwan (2002-2004), senior country director for China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mongolia (2004), Secretary of Defense's Office for International Security Affairs, Department of Defense
-Associate (international corporate law), Kelley Drye & Warren LLP, 2000-2002
-Researcher, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1994-1996
Education
J.D., Duke Law School
M.A., School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University
B.A., Washington University
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Max Boot Max Boot
http://www.cfr.org/bio.php?id=5641Senior Fellow, National Security Studies, COUNCIL on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/ Award-winning author and former editorial features editor, The Wall Street Journal; expert on national security policy and U.S. military history and technology.
Expertise:
National security; military technology; military history; U.S. foreign policy; terrorism and guerrilla warfare; terrorism; the media.
Experience:
Contributing editor to The Weekly Standard (current); editorial features editor (1997-02), the Wall Street Journal, and writer and editor (1994-97); writer and editor, The Christian Science Monitor (1992-94).
Selected Publications:
Currently writing "War Made New: Four Great Revolutions That Changed the Face of Battle" (Gotham Books/Penguin); "The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power" (Basic Books, 2002); "Out of Order: Arrogance, Corruption and Incompetence on the Bench" (Basic Books, 1998); contributes regularly to The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Financial Times, The Times, The Weekly Standard, and other publications.
Education:
M.A. in Diplomatic History, Yale University (1992); B.A. in History, University of California, Berkeley (1991).
Honors:
In 2004, Max Boot was named by the World Affairs Councils of America one of “the 500 most influential people in the United States in the field of foreign policy.” Boot's "Savage Wars of Peace" was awarded the 2003 Wallace M. Greene Award for best nonfiction book on the Marine Corps, and selected as one of the best books of 2002 by the Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post and The Christian Science Monitor. Two-time finalist, Gerald A. Loeb Award for Business Journalism; twice selected as one of America's 30 leading business journalists under 30 by the TGFR Newsletter.
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Eliot Cohen http://rightweb.irconline.org/ind/cohen/cohen.php
Defense Policy Board: Member
Project for the New American Century: Founding member
Committee for the Liberation of Iraq: Member
School of Advanced International Studies: Director
Highlights & Quotes
Eliot Cohen, called by one observer “the most influential neocon in academe,” is a well-known scholar of military affairs based at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), which has served as a base for a number of prominent neoconservatives, including Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz and political scientist Francis Fukuyama. Cohen heads SAIS's Center for Strategic Studies, a program founded in 2003 with a generous grant from Philip Merrill, a minor media mogul who heads the U.S. Ex-Im Bank and serves as an adviser to the hawkish Center for Security Policy. Cohen is famous for his thesis that the war on terror constitutes World War IV, and that the Cold War should really be considered World War III. (5)
Cohen has been affiliated with a number of hawkish advocacy groups, including the Committee for the Liberation of Iraq and the Project for the New American Century. He also serves on the Defense Policy Board, the Pentagon’s in-house think tank, which has been heavily criticized for members’ conflicts of interests and for its stilted ideological profile. (Nearly a third of the board members come from the staunchly conservative Hoover Institution.)
Cohen is the author of Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen and Leadership in Wartime, 2002, which George W. Bush reportedly read in preparation for the invasion of Iraq; Military Misfortunes: The Anatomy of Failure in War, 1990; and Citizens and Soldiers, 1985. (2)
Institutional Affiliations
Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies: Director, Center for Strategic Studies (1)
Project for the New American Century: Has signed at least a half a dozen PNAC letters and participated and collaborated on the group’s “Rebuilding America’s Defenses” report (6)
Committee for the Liberation of Iraq: Member
American Enterprise Institute: Member of Council of Academic Advisers
Naval War College: Member, Strategy Department, 1985 (2)
Harvard College: Assistant Professor of Government and Assistant Dean, 1982-1985 (2)
Government Posts/Panels/Commissions
Defense Policy Board: Member (2)
Gulf War Air Power Survey: Director and Editor, 1991-1993 (2)
Office of the Secretary of Defense: Policy Planning Staff, 1990 (2)
Department of Defense: Director, National Security Leadership Course (3)
Corporate Connections/Business Interests
Strategic Education Associates, LLC: Owner (3)
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Ivo H. Daalder - Brookings Institution
http://www.americanprogress.org/site/pp.as...iJRJ8OVF&b=2481Center for American Progress
Ivo H. Daalder, Special Adviser on National Security
Ivo H. Daalder, special adviser on national security at Center for American Progress, is also senior fellow in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, where he holds the Sydney Stein Jr. Chair in International Security. His writings have appeared in numerous journals and the opinion pages of leading American and European newspapers. A specialist in American foreign policy, European security, and national security affairs, Daalder has authored ten books, including (with James M. Lindsay) America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy, published this fall. His other recent books include Protecting the American Homeland (2002); Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo (2000); Getting to Dayton: The Making of America's Bosnia Policy (2000); and The United States and Europe in the Global Arena (1999).
Daalder is completing a major study with James M. Lindsay on the implications of American power and globalization for U.S. foreign policy, entitled Power and Cooperation: An American Foreign Policy for the Age of Global Politics. His other main research current areas are homeland security and a history of the National Security Council. Earlier in his career, Daalder was associate professor at the University of Maryland's School of Public Affairs, where he was also director of research at the Center for International and Security Studies. In 1995-96, he served as director for European affairs on President Clinton's National Security Council staff, where he was responsible for coordinating U.S. policy toward Bosnia. From 1998-2001, Daalder served as a member of the Study Group of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century (the Hart-Rudman Commission), a multi-year examination of U.S. national security requirements and institutions.
Educated at Oxford and Georgetown Universities, Dalder received his Ph.D. in political science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been a fellow at Harvard University's Center for Science and International Affairs and the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London. He is the recipient of a Pew Faculty Fellowship in International Affairs and an International Affairs Fellowship of the Council on Foreign Relations. Daalder is a member of the Academy of Political Science, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the International Institute for Strategic Studies. Daalder was born in The Hague, Netherlands, in 1960.
http://www.americanprogress.org/site/pp.as...RJ8OVF&b=262151a sample of his views
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Thomas Donnelly
http://rightweb.irc-online.org/ind/donnelly/donnelly.phpProject for the New American Century: Fellow
American Enterprise Institute: Fellow
The National Interest: Former editor
Lockheed Martin: Former communications director
last updated: 11/20/2003
Institutional Affiliations
Project for the New American Century: Senior fellow (1)
American Enterprise Institute: Resident fellow (2)
The National Interest: Executive Editor, 1994-1995 (1)
Army Times: Editor, 1987-1993; Journalist, 1980-1985 (1)
Defense News: Deputy Editor, 1985-1987 (1)
Government Service
House Committee on National Security (now Committee on Armed Services): Director of Policy Group, 1996-1999; Professional Staff Member, 1995 (2)
Corporate Connections/Business Interests
Lockheed Martin Corp.: Director of Strategic Communication and Initiatives, 2002 (2)
Education
Sidwell Friends School: K-12, Quaker school (1)
Ithaca College: B.A. in Philosophy (1)
Johns Hopkins University-SAIS: M.I.P.P. (2)
Highlights & Quotes
According to Donnelly, “the strategic imperative of patrolling the perimeter of the Pax Americana is transforming the U.S. military, and those few other forces capable and willing of standing alongside, into the cavalry of a global, liberal international order. Like the cavalry of the Old West, their job is one part warrior and one part policeman -- both of which are entirely within the tradition of the American military.” (3)
A U.S. victory in Iraq, said Donnelly in an article for AEI, “will define the start of a truly new world order; to steal Dean Acheson’s famous phrase, we are present at the creation. What, exactly, we are creating we do not know.” (4)
Donnelly was one of the few neoconservative ideologues to support U.S. intervention in Liberia in mid-2003, arguing in a Washington Post op-ed that intervention was justified not for humanitarian motives per se, but because of the growing acknowledgment that "U.S. security interests in Africa ... cannot be ignored." (5)
Donnelly wrote Operation Just Cause: The Storming of Panama, 1991, and Clash of Chariots: A History of Armored Warfare, 1996. He has also written for The Weekly Standard, Washington Post, The National Interest, and Jane’s Defence Week. (1)
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Michele Flournoy
interview transcript from 2003:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpsrv/liveon...rney030403.htm http://www.csis.org/experts/4flournoy.htmSenior Adviser
International Security Program
Phone: (202) 775-3136
E-mail: mflournoy@csis.org
Expertise: Defense strategy and policy; War on terrorism; U.S. and coalition military operations; post-conflict reconstruction; Nuclear, chemical adn biological weapons
Michčle A. Flournoy is senior adviser in the CSIS International Security Program, where she works on a broad range of defense policy and international security issues. Previously, she was a distinguished research professor at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University (NDU), where she founded and led the university's Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) working group, which was chartered by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to develop intellectual capital in preparation for the Department of Defense's 2001 QDR. Prior to joining NDU, she was dual-hatted as principal deputy assistant secretary of defense for strategy and threat reduction and deputy assistant secretary of defense for strategy. In this capacity, she oversaw three policy offices in the Office of the Secretary of Defense: Strategy; Requirements, Plans, and Counterproliferation; and Russia, Ukraine, and Eurasian Affairs. She was awarded the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service in 1996 and the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service in 1998. In addition to two edited volumes, Flournoy has published more than 50 articles on a variety of international security issues. She holds a B.A. in social studies from Harvard University and an M.Litt. in international relations from Balliol College, Oxford University, where she was a Newton-Tatum Scholar. She is a member of the Aspen Strategy Group, the International Institute of Strategic Studies, and the Executive Board of Women in International Security. She is a former member of the Defense Policy Board and the Defense Science Board Task Force on Transformation.
© 2001- 2005 The Center for Strategic & International Studies
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Frank F. Gaffney, Jr.
http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/ind...age=gaffney-bioFrank Gaffney is the founder and president of the Center for Security Policy in Washington, D.C. The Center is a not-for-profit, non-partisan educational corporation established in 1988. Under Mr. Gaffney's leadership, the Center has been nationally and internationally recognized as a resource for timely, informed and penetrating analyses of foreign and defense policy matters.
Mr. Gaffney also contributes actively to these debates in his capacity as a columnist for the Washington Times, Jewish World Review and TownHall.com. He is also a contributing editor to National Review Online. He is a featured weekly contributor to Hugh Hewitt's nationally syndicated radio program and the Monica Crowley Show on WABC and appears frequently on national and international television and radio programs. In addition, his op.ed. articles have appeared, among other places, in The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, The New Republic, The Washington Post, The New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor, The Los Angeles Times, and Newsday.
In April 1987, Mr. Gaffney was nominated by President Reagan to become the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, the senior position in the Defense Department with responsibility for policies involving nuclear forces, arms control and U.S.-European defense relations. He acted in that capacity for seven months during which time, he was the Chairman of the prestigious High Level Group, NATO's senior politico-military committee. He also represented the Secretary of Defense in key U.S.-Soviet negotiations and ministerial meetings.
From August 1983 until November 1987, Mr. Gaffney was the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Forces and Arms Control Policy under Assistant Secretary Richard Perle. From February 1981 to August 1983, Mr. Gaffney was a Professional Staff Member on the Senate Armed Services Committee, chaired by Senator John Tower (R-Texas). In the latter 1970's, Mr. Gaffney served as an aide to the late Senator Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson (D-Washington) in the areas of defense and foreign policy.
Mr. Gaffney holds a Master of Arts degree in International Studies from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service from the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service.
Mr. Gaffney was born in 1953 and resides in the Washington area.
article by:
http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadA...le.asp?ID=13438article on Kerry’s defense budget:
http://www.townhall.com/columnists/frankjg...g20050110.shtmlhttp://www.jewishworldreview.com/0804/gaffney2004_08_31.php3 excerpt: “Therefore, for the United States, stopping the Islamist government in Tehran before it obtains the means to carry out threats to attack Americans forces in Iraq and elsewhere should be an urgent priority.”
http://www.townhall.com/columnists/frankjg...r/welcome.shtmlJanuary 24, 2005
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Reuel Marc Gerecht
http://www.newamericancentury.org/reuelmarcgerechtbio.htm Reuel Marc Gerecht is the Director of the Middle East Initiative at the Project for the New American Century and a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. He is recently a contributor to Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign Policy (Editors Robert Kagan & William Kristol; Encounter Books, 2000) and is the author under the pseudonym of Edward Shirley of Know Thine Enemy: A Spy's Journey into Revolutionary Iran (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1997). A former Middle Eastern specialist in the CIA, Mr. Gerecht writes frequently on the Middle East, Central Asia, terrorism, and intelligence, in such publications as the New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The International Herald Tribune, The Atlantic Monthly, The New Republic, The Weekly Standard, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, The Middle East Quarterly, Playboy, and Talk.
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Lt. Gen. Buster C. Glosson (USAF, retired)
Director of Planning, CENTAF- first Gulf War
Committee for the Liberation of Iraq
http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?titl...eration_of_IraqThe Committee for the Liberation of Iraq (CLI) bills itself as a nongovernmental organization comprised of a "distinguished group of Americans" who want to free Iraq from Saddam Hussein. In a news release announcing its formation, the groups said it wants to "promote regional peace, political freedom and international security through replacement of the Saddam Hussein regime with a democratic government that respects the rights of the Iraqi people and ceases to threaten the community of nations." It has close links to the Project for the New American Century (PNAC) and the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), important shapers of the Bush administration's foreign policy.
Many CLI, PNAC and AEI members were previously involved with the Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf (CPSG), a hard-right group created in 1990 prior to Operation Desert Storm.
The Washington Post reported in November 2002 that "the organization is modeled on a successful lobbying campaign to expand the NATO alliance. Members include former secretary of state George P. Shultz, Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and former senator Bob Kerrey (D-Neb.). ... While the Iraq committee is an independent entity, committee officers said they expect to work closely with the administration. They already have met with Hadley and Bush political adviser Karl Rove. Committee officers and a White House spokesman said Rice, Hadley and Cheney will soon meet with the group." [1]
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Bruce P. Jackson
http://www.newamericancentury.org/brucejacksonbio.htmBruce Jackson is the founder and President of the Project on Transitional Democracies. The Project is a multi-year endeavor aimed at accelerating the pace of reform in post-1989 democracies and advancing the date for the integration of these democracies into the institutions of the Euro-Atlantic.
From 1979 to 1990, Bruce Jackson served in the United States Army as a Military Intelligence Officer. From 1986 to 1990, he served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense in a variety of policy positions pertaining to nuclear forces and arms control. Upon leaving the Department of Defense in 1990, Mr. Jackson joined Lehman Brothers, an investment bank in New York, where he was a strategist in the firm's proprietary trading operations. Between 1993 and 2002, Mr. Jackson was Vice President for Strategy and Planning at Lockheed Martin Corporation.
During 1995 and 1996, Mr. Jackson was National Co-Chairman of the Dole for President Finance Committee. In 1996, he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention where he served on the Platform Committee and the Platform’s subcommittee for National Security and Foreign Policy. During the 2000 Presidential Campaign, he was a delegate committed to Governor Bush and chaired the Foreign Policy Subcommittee of the Republican Platform Committee.
Mr. Jackson is the President of the US Committee on NATO, a non-profit corporation formed in 1996 to promote the expansion of NATO and the strengthening of ties between the United States and Europe. During the 2002-2003, he served as the Chairman of the Committee for the Liberation of Iraq. He continues to serve on the Board of Directors of the Project for the New American Century, a non-profit corporation involved in educating American opinion on foreign policy and national security.
http://rightweb.irc-online.org/ind/jackson/jackson.phpInstitutional Affiliations
Project for the New American Century: Board of Directors (2)
U.S. Committee on NATO: Founder (3)
Center for Security Policy: National Security Advisory Council (4)
American Enterprise Institute: International Advisory Board of the New Atlantic Initiative (3)
Project on Transitional Democracies: Founder (1, 10)
Council on Foreign Relations: Member (6)
International Institute for Strategic Studies, London: Member (3)
Center for Strategic and International Studies: Board of Advisers (3)
Cambridge University Centre of International Studies: International Advisory Board (7)
Committee for the Liberation of Iraq: Founder, Chairman of the Board (8)
Republican National Convention: Chair of Platform Subcommittee on Foreign Policy, 2000 Presidential Campaign (8)
Republican National Convention: Platform Committee and Platform Subcommittee for National Security and Foreign Policy, 1996 (8)
Dole for President: National Co-Chairman of Finance Committee 1995-1996 (8)
Government Service
Office of the Secretary of Defense: Various policy positions pertaining to nuclear forces, strategic defense, and arms control, 1986-1990 (8)
U.S. Army: Military Intelligence Officer, 1979-1990 (8)
Corporate Connections/Business Interests
Lockheed Martin Corp.: Vice President for Strategy and Planning, 1999-2002; Director of Global Development, 1997-1999; Director of Defense Planning and Analysis, 1995-1997 (2)
Martin Marietta Corp.: Director for Strategic Planning, Director for Corporate Development Projects, 1993-1995 (2)
Lehman Brothers (investment bank): 1990-1993 (2)
Highlights & Quotes
Bruce Jackson is the archetypal inside player: He is the founder of a string of influential advocacy groups that support hawkish U.S. foreign polices, including the U.S. Committee on NATO and the Committee for the Liberation of Iraq; he has had intimate ties to several defense contractors, including Lockheed Martin and Martin Marietta; and he is a close associate of leading Republican Party members and Bush administration figures.
Wrote one Jackson critic: “Mr. Jackson was Vice President for Strategy and Planning at Lockheed Martin Corporation, which means that while Jackson was founding the U.S. Committee for NATO and the Project for Transitional Democracies; while he was serving on the board of the Project for the New American Century; and while he was chairing the Republican Party subcommittee on foreign policy -- all of which advocated more defense spending -- Bruce P. Jackson was also working for a company that stood to gain the most from stepped up spending on weapons."(10)
A 1997 article in The New York Times described Jackson’s activities in a similar light: “At night, Bruce L. Jackson is president of the U.S. Committee to Expand NATO, giving intimate dinners for Senators and foreign officials. By day, he is director of strategic planning for Lockheed Martin Corporation, the world’s biggest weapons maker.”
In an article for the American Prospect, John Judis quotes an unnamed “prominent neoconservative,” who said that Jackson was viewed as the "nexus between the defense industry and the neoconservatives. He translates us to them, and them to us." Judis also wrote:
As a military intelligence officer in the 1980s, Jackson was assigned to the Pentagon in the Reagan and Bush Senior administrations, where he worked under Perle and two other leading hawks, Paul Wolfowitz and Dick Cheney. In the late 1990s, while working for Lockheed Martin, Jackson avidly promoted the expansion of NATO into Eastern Europe. Last fall the administration called on Jackson to set up the Committee for the Liberation of Iraq. "People in the White House said, 'We need you to do for Iraq what you did for NATO,'" Jackson said in a phone interview.
Jackson, a long-time proponent of NATO expansion, had considerable success lobbying Eastern European countries to support U.S. policy in Iraq. He helped draft a declaration for the so-called Vilnius 10 countries in February 2003 rebuking French President Jaques Chirac’s position on Iraq. He then convinced the Vilnius Ten countries to sign the declaration, saying that it would help win the U.S. Senate’s approval of their membership into NATO. Said the declaration, "The newest members of the European community agree that we must confront the tyranny of Saddam Hussein and that the United Nations must now act." According to Judis, "The declaration provided ammunition for the administration, but it also created a furor in Western Europe and even in some of the Vilnius Ten countries, where the public, and even the governments, did not want to be identified as part of what one Slovenian writer termed the 'war coalition.'" (9, 12)
Jackson articles have appeared in The Wall Street Journal, The National Interest, Policy Review, Politya, Gazeta Wyborzca, and other publications. (3)
____________________________________________________________
Frederick Kagan
http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=Frederick_KaganFrederick Kagan, brother to foreign policy analyst Robert Kagan, is a professor of military history at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
Frederick and his father, Donald Kagan authored the 2000 book While America Sleeps: Self-Delusion, Military Weakness, and the Threat to Peace Today, "which argues in favor of missile Defense and warns of future threats.""Robert and his brother Frederick Kagan are the sons of Donald Kagan."[1]
Frederick Kagan, along with father Donald and brother Robert, is a member of a key neoconservative family, second in influence only to the Kristol and Podhoretz clans. Like his father and brother, Frederick favors hawkish foreign policies and extravagant defense budgets. He is also associated with the Project for the New American Century (which his brother cofounded), having participated in the PNAC study group that produced Rebuilding America's Defenses, a 2000 book that served as a blueprint for several Bush administration policies, and contributed a chapter about the U.S. military for the PNAC volume Present Dangers (2000), which was edited by Robert Kagan and William Kristol.
http://rightweb.irc-online.org/ind/kagan_f/kagan_f.phpHe co-wrote with his father While America Sleeps: Self-Delusion, Military Weakness, and the Threat to Peace Today (2000) which compares the United States at the end of the Cold War to post-World War I Great Britain, arguing that the United States is weak and vulnerable, and that it needs to greatly boost military spending. In a review of the book, University of Chicago scholar Bruce Cumings wrote: "The storm has been gathering for a decade, according to the Kagans, but in 1991 we failed to comprehend that we were at a critical turning point. ... It would indeed be one of the great ironies of modern times if 1991 -- the year the United States emerged from the Cold War as the only remaining superpower, outspending all conceivable adversaries combined on defense and launching an information revolution that would sweep the globe -- was really the beginning of the end of American dominance. But the United States can still save itself, say the authors, if it spends more on defense and acquires loads of new weapons. This last message, which dominates the latter third of the book, seems to have been perfectly timed for the 2000 presidential campaign. ... There is one good thing about While America Sleeps: No one who reads it is going to run out and buy a flak jacket, teach kindergartners to 'duck and cover,' or restock a backyard bomb shelter. This is a book to assign to students who want to know what professors mean when they say 'a little history is a bad thing." (2)
http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Publ...6pafwt.asp?pg=2excerpt: President Bush should use the election mandate he received to take the next bold step in the war for democracy and against terrorism. He should insist upon an immediate and dramatic increase in the size of our armed forces to allow them to carry out his wise determination to prevail in Iraq and in the war on terror.
Some question whether the necessary increase, perhaps 200,000 new troops or more, can be reached without a new draft. The historical evidence suggests it can......
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Robert Kagan http://www.newamericancentury.org/robertkaganbio.htm
Robert Kagan is co-founder with William Kristol of the Project for the New American Century. He is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a contributing editor at the Weekly Standard, a columnist for the Washington Post, and the author of the best-selling book Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order.
From 1985-1988, Mr. Kagan was Deputy for Policy in the State Department's Bureau of Inter-American Affairs. From 1984-1985, he was a member of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff and principal speechwriter to Secretary of State George P. Schultz. In 1983, he served as foreign policy advisor to Congressman Jack Kemp and as Special Assistant to the Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency. In 1981, he was Assistant Editor at the Public Interest.
Mr. Kagan holds a bachelor's degree from Yale College and master's degree in public policy and international relations from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Alexander Hamilton fellow in American diplomatic history at American University.
His first book, A Twilight Struggle: American Power and Nicaragua, 1977-1990, was published by the Free Press in 1996. He is currently at work on a history of American foreign policy. Mr. Kagan's articles on foreign policy have appeared in Foreign Affairs, Commentary, Foreign Policy, the New York Times, the Washington Post, the New Republic, the Wall Street Journal, the National Interest, Policy Review, and the Weekly Standard.
Mr. Kagan is married to Victoria Nuland, a foreign service officer with the Department of State. They have two children, Elena and David.
http://rightweb.irc-online.org/ind/kagan_r/kagan_r.phpHighlights & Quotes
Robert Kagan has impeccable neoconservative credentials. His father and brother -- Donald and Frederick -- are neocon historians who have written on the need for a stronger and more interventionist U.S. military. Robert also is a close associate of William Kristol, with whom he has co-written articles and books, and founded the Project for the New American Century. He writes frequently on post-Cold War strategy, trans-Atlantic relations, U.S.-China relations, military strategy, defense budget, and U.S. diplomatic history. (2)
He is the author most recently of Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order, 2003, in which he argues that "Americans are from Mars and Europeans are from Venus: They agree on little and understand one another less and less." Kagan claims that because Europe has benefited from 60 years of U.S. security guarantees, it has not been forced to spend as much on defense as the United States and is softer when it comes to issues like Iraq and other “rogue states.”
According to a BBC profile, “Kagan disputes that the U.S.’s attitude was altered by the events of Sept. 11. He says that the country ‘only became more itself’ in its intolerance for the enemy. … Critics accuse him of over-simplifying the argument, overlooking the influences of economic and cultural strength as well as military, and also a certain brutalism in his acceptance that ‘American power, even deployed under a double standard, may be the best means of advancing progress.’” (6)
Kagan was appointed by Elliott Abrams in 1985 to head the Office of Public Diplomacy, which was created to push for U.S. support for Nicaraguan Contras. After the Iran-Contra scandal broke, Abrams pleaded guilty to two counts of withholding information from Congress. Kagan, however, failed to mention Abram’s illicit activities or his guilty plea in his 1996 book A Twilight Struggle, which was touted as the “definitive history” of the U.S. anti-Sandinista campaign. (Kagan does mention the convictions of Oliver North and John Poindexter.) The book received financial backing from the Bradley Foundation and the Carthage Foundation, two key conservative funders. (7)
He is coauthor, with William Kristol, of a 1997 Foreign Affairs article called “Towards a Neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy,” in which the authors argue that the United States should establish a “benevolent hegemony;” and he edited, also with William Kristol, Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign Policy (Encounter Books), 2000. (5)
Kagan has been published in Foreign Affairs, Commentary, Foreign Policy, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The New Republic, The Wall Street Journal, The National Interest, Policy Review, and The Weekly Standard. (1)
In a 2002 article for Policy Review, Kagan argued, “It is time to stop pretending that Europeans and Americans share a common view of the world, or even that they occupy the same world. On the all-important question of power -- the efficacy of power, the morality of power, the desirability of power -- American and European perspectives are diverging. Europe is turning away from power, or to put it a little differently, it is moving beyond power into a self-contained world of laws and rules and transnational negotiation and cooperation. It is entering a post-historical paradise of peace and relative prosperity, the realization of Kant’s ‘Perpetual Peace.’ The United States, meanwhile, remains mired in history, exercising power in the anarchic Hobbesian world where international laws and rules are unreliable and where true security and the defense and promotion of a liberal order still depend on the possession and use of military might.”
His wife is Victoria Nuland, who was tapped to be Dick Cheney’s deputy national security adviser. (8)
Institutional Affiliations
Project for the New American Century: Co-Founder (with William Kristol) and Co-Director (1)
Center for Security Policy: Frequent participant on CSP sign-on letters (3)
U.S. Committee on NATO: Board of Directors (4)
Council on Foreign Relations: Member (1)
The Weekly Standard: Contributing Editor (2)
The New Republic: Contributing Editor (2)
Washington Post: Monthly Columnist (2)
Committee for the Liberation of Iraq: Advisory Board (5)
The Public Interest: Assistant Editor, 1981 (1)
Government Posts/Panels/Commissions
Department of State: Deputy for Policy under Elliot Abrams, then Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, 1985-1988 (1)
Office of the Secretary of State: Principal Speechwriter for Secretary George Schultz and Member of Policy Planning Staff, 1984-1985 (1)
United States Information Agency: Special Assistant to the Deputy Director, 1983 (1)
Office of Congressman Jack Kemp: Foreign Policy Adviser, 1983 (1)
Education
Yale University: B.A. (1)
Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University: M.A. in Public Policy and International Relations (1)
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Craig Kennedy
http://www.wingsweb.org/network/profiles_v...roup=&vCountry=German Marshall Fund of the United States
Mr. Craig Kennedy
President
Email: ckennedy@gmfus.org
http://www.fundersonline.org/orpheusprofile.asp?AN=MARS001The German Marshall Fund of the United States
United States
Established in 1972
Mission
To deepen understanding, promote collaboration and stimulate exchange between Americans and Europeans.
History
The German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) is an American public policy and grantmaking institution dedicated to promoting greater cooperation and understanding between the United States and Europe. GMF does this by supporting individuals and institutions working on transatlantic issues, by convening leaders to discuss the most pressing transatlantic themes, and by examining ways in which transatlantic cooperation can address a variety of global policy challenges.
Founded in 1972 through a gift from Germany as a permanent memorial to Marshall Plan assistance, GMF maintains a strong presence on both sides of the Atlantic. In addition to its headquarters in Washington, DC, GMF has five offices in Europe: Belgrade, Berlin, Bratislava, Brussels, and Paris.
Geographic Focus
US and Europe, including Central and Eastern Europe
http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/ar..._europe_widens/"Transatlantic Trends 2004," a survey of 11,000 Americans and Europeans conducted by the Washington-based German Marshall Fund and the Italy-based Compagnia di San Paolo, showed that 76 percent of Europeans express disapproval with current US foreign policy.
That disapproval rating is up 12 percentage points over last year and has risen 20 percentage points over the last two years.
"If this trend continues, we may be looking at a redefinition of the fundamentals of the trans-Atlantic relationship from a first-choice partnership to an optional alliance when mutually convenient," Craig Kennedy, president of the German Marshall Fund, said in a statement.
http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction...ype=HI_Speechesexcerpt from a speech which explains Kennedy’s philophy on US power:
“.....The problems between the United States and Europe have nothing to do with Iraq. How many people agree with that? Okay. Believe me, they have nothing to do with Iraq. So I’ll take it as my job tonight to convince you that that’s true. The key issue that’s at play here between the United States and Europe is the control in use of American military power. Europeans of all stripes, from Tony Blair to Jacques Chirac, want some say in how the U.S. deploys its vast military assets. Understandably, all American policy makers, with maybe a few exceptions on the far Left and far Right, don’t want to just automatically cede control, or any level of control, to the Europeans for that purpose. That’s the key difference. Yes, there are differences in tactics within Europe and the United States, but very large majorities on each side would take this position. Tony Blair is engaging in just another version of what Jacques Chirac is doing in its approach, and I’ll tell you why. Frankly, I’d rather have Tony Blair, but it still has the same emphasis.
Here’s what I’m going to try to do tonight. I’m going to try to look at the implications of this argument and those of you who read in the foreign policy area will recognize that a good deal of the inspiration for this comes from an article, and now a book, that was done by a good friend of mine, Robert Kagan. The original article was called “Power and Weakness.”
http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/maga.../2003/november/ German Marshall Fund.Since September 11, many private foundations are focusing their giving on projects having to do with the Middle East, but few are looking at how the war on terror affects the trans-Atlantic relationship. Given that the mission of the German Marshall Fund is to promote cooperation between the United States and Europe, it's not surprising the foundation would fill this gap.
"We decided right away the big issue for us was, How do you coordinate the U.S. and European governments around the issue of homeland security?" says Craig Kennedy, president of the German Marshall Fund of the U.S. The fund has already begun supporting exchanges of policy experts and government officials on hard questions such as how immigration policy is used to control terrorist threats, and how local police forces can respond to chemical weapons attacks.
The German Marshall Fund has also invested money in supporting U.S. and European groups that sit on the "front line" with Middle Eastern countries. For Kennedy, this means Turkey, an aspirant to the European Union and long-time NATO ally. In Turkey, the fund has sponsored a series of projects working with independent Turkish organizations, as well as U.S. and European nongovernmental organizations, to strengthen the burgeoning democracy in Ankara. "Turkey, in our mind, is an important place. It is a front-line state like West Germany in the Cold War. It should be a model for democracy in the Middle East," Kennedy explains.
http://www.iranomid.org/Announcements/Engl...mDig25Jun04.htmThe German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) and the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) are holding a conference of the transatlantic strategic community in Istanbul, Turkey, in advance of the NATO Summit. The themes that will be highlighted include the Alliance's overall strategic reorientation, a new Euro-Atlantic strategy for the Black Sea, NATO's future role in Afghanistan and possibly Iraq, as well as how the West can promote democracy in the Greater Middle East. Several senior politicians from both sides of the Atlantic have agreed to address the audience among them Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan, U.S. Senator Richard Lugar, German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer, and NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer.
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http://www.leighbureau.com/speaker.asp?id=98Paul Kennedy
PROFESSOR, YALE UNIVERSITY
One of the world’s most respected and provocative historians, Paul Kennedy challenges us with the weight and implications of our history to confront the problems humanity faces in the twenty-first century. A specialist in international relations and security issues, Kennedy’s long-term perspective has led such world leaders as President Clinton and U.N. Secretary General Boutros-Ghali to seek his advice. The author of two prescient and insightful bestsellers, Paul Kennedy is the J. Richardson Dilworth Professor of History at Yale University and is Director of Yale’s International Security Studies Program.
With unblinking eyes, Professor Kennedy follows the trajectory of history into the future, summoning world leaders to address forthrightly the implications of NATO’s expansion, America’s worldwide military commitments, the lopsided growth of wealth and population, and a host of other important historical trends. In his 1987 bestseller, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, Kennedy warned that the expensive U.S.-U.S.S.R. military standoff could hasten the decline of both superpowers — a prophecy that quickly proved true in the Soviet Union. In his Preparing for the 21st Century, he demonstrates the necessity for developed nations to answer the challenges of environmental degradation, economic globalization, and exploding populations in the poorest countries and rapid technological advancement in the richest.
Kennedy is the editor of numerous books, including several on globalization. Global Trends and Global Governance is a concise and practical guide to the key political, economic, ecological and social factors shaping the process of globalization. Globalization and National Identities: Crisis or Opportunity? explores the key issues faced by nations and citizens as they struggle to rediscover, reaffirm or reconstruct their sense of national identities in the face of globalizing forces.
Professor Kennedy has served as historical consultant to BBC-TV’s Seapower series and done research, interviews and presentations for other TV series, especially on naval, imperial and defense issues. He has prepared historical papers for the Office of Net Assessment and the Defense Department in Washington, D.C. He serves on the editorial boards of several journals related to history, strategic studies and international affairs and has given over fifteen special and endowed lectures. He has received numerous research awards and honorary degrees. Paul Kennedy is a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (C.B.E.).
Books
Preparing for the Twenty-First Century (1993)
The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500-2000 (1988)
Strategy and Diplomacy, 1870-1945: Eight Essays (1983)
The Realities Behind Diplomacy: Background Influences on British External Policy 1865-1980 (1981)
The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism 1860-1914 (1980)
The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery (1976, paperback reissue 2001)
The Samoan Tangle: A Study in Anglo-German-American Relations 1878-1900 (1974)
Conquest: The Pacific War 1943-45 (1973)
Pacific Onslaught 1941-43 (1972)
Credentials
Named Commander of the Order of the British Empire
J. Richardson Dilworth Professor of History, Yale University
Director, Yale’s International Security Program
Elected as a Fellow to the Royal Historical Society, the American Association of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Society of American Historians, and the British Academy
Former fellow of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton and the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung in Bonn
Visiting Fellow, The Lehrman Institute, New York, 1984
Supernumerary Fellow, St. Antony’s College, Oxford
Visiting Fellow, Institute for Advanced Study, 1978-79
Fellow, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, 1972
Frequent contributor to The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times and The Atlantic and other prestigious publications
Editorial board of Journal of Strategic Studies, Journal of Conflict Resolution, International History Review, Naval War College Review, Diplomacy and Statecraft, Journal of Modern History.
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/DJ04Ak02.html“Yale's Paul Kennedy, who notes, "From the time the first settlers arrived in Virginia from England and started moving westward, this was an imperial nation, a conquering nation."
http://www.counterpunch.org/faruqui1016.htmlObserves Yale historian Paul Kennedy, "In today's fractured, war-torn, neo-medieval world, it is quite inadequate to guarantee lasting peace and security, even in the American homeland itself, let alone in the protection of US interests abroad."
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpsrv/liveon...nnedy021103.htmtext of interview before we invaded Iraq- very interesting