Oral Narrative
Bruchac, Joseph (Abenaki). “The Boy Who Lived with the Bears” and Other Iroquois Stories . New York: Harper, 1995.
Retellings of traditional Iroquois animal stories on themes of pride, selfishness, and responsibility.
———,ed. Between Earth and Sky: Legends of Native American Sacred Places . New York: Harcourt, 1996.
Ten place-focused Native American legends, among them stories about the Grand Canyon, the Great Smoky Mountains, and Niagra. Falls. Includes landscape paintings and information about North American tribes.
De Laguna, Frederica, ed. Tales from the Dena: Indian Stories from the Tanana, Koyukuk, and Yukon Rivers . Illus. Dale DeArmond. Seattle: U of Washington P, 1995.
Forty-one Native Alaskan tales, recorded in 1935 by Frederica de Laguna and Norman Reynolds during an archaeological survey of the middle and lower Yukon River valley. The mythic stories tell of the talking animals—raven, brown bear, mouse, and gnat—animal human beings and their adventures. Includes the author's commentary on Dena culture and storytelling, as well as original wood engravings.
Hitakonanu'laxk (Lenape), ed. The Grandfathers Speak: Native American Folk Tales of the Lenape People . New York: Interlink, 1994.
Stories of creation and migration recorded by a Lenape leader.
Johnston, Basil (Ojibwa), ed. “The Bear Walker” and Other Stories . Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1995.
Translated oral stories, including animal tales about lynx, fish, woodpecker, and bullfrog.
Lang, Julian (Karuk), ed. and trans. Ararapikva: Creation Stories of the People: Traditional Karuk Indian Literature from Northwestern California . Berkeley: Heyday, 1994.
The author prepared this bilingual volume of origin stories for the Karuk people and for general readers.
Larson, Sidner, ed. Indian Why Stories: Sparks from War Eagle's Lodge-Fire . Comp. Frank B. Linderman. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1996.
Siksika, Ojibwa, and Cree oral traditions collected in the early twentieth century.
Malotki, Ekkehart, comp., trans., and ed. “The Bedbugs' Night Dance” and Other Hopi Tales of Sexual Adventure . Introd. E. N. Genovese. Narrated by Michael Lomatuway'ma et al. Illus. Ken Gary. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1995.
Having collaborated earlier on Gullible Coyote / Uni'Ihu: A Bilingual Collection of Hopi Coyote Stones and Maasaw: Profile of a Hopi God , Malotki and Lomatuway'ma team up again to present a new set of bilingual stories focused on sexual escapades.
Penn, W S., ed. The Telling of the World: Native American Stories and Art . New York: Stewart, 1996.
Myths and narratives (some never before published) from traditional and contemporary sources and from a variety of Native American nations. Includes origin stories, etiological tales, trickster tales, ghost stories.
Criticism
Beam, Joan, Barbara Branstad, and Jack W Marken, eds. The Native American in Long Fiction: An Annotated Bibliography . Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996.
An annotated bibliography of novels and other long fictional works published between the 1890s and the 1990s and written by and about Native Americans. Includes romance, science fiction, and young adult fiction.
Blaeser, Kimberly (Ojibwa). Gerald Vizenor: Writing in the Oral Tradition . Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1996.
A study of the oral influences in the work of Anishinaabe writer Gerald Vizenor. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the trickster.
Carr, Helen. Inventing the American Primitive: Politics, Gender, and the Representation of Native American Literary Traditions , 1789<caron>1936 New York: New York UP, 1996.
A study of how European American responses to Native American traditions have affected notions of American national identity and literature. Influenced by feminist and postcolonial theory, as well as by critiques of ethnographic imperialism, Carr analyzes both literary and anthropological texts.
Champagne, Duane, ed. The Native North American Almanac: A Reference Work on Native North Americans in the United States and Canada . Detroit: Gale, 1994.
A comprehensive source of information about indigenous cultures, history, and politics. Covers Native American laws, languages, health, art, and religion. Includes bibliographies and glossary.
Clements, William M. Native American Verbal Art. Texts and Contexts . Tucson: U of Arizona P, 1996.
A study of the contexts, translations, and textualizations of Zuni, Cherokee, Ojibwa, and Hopi verbal art. Considers the function of the studies by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft and of literary anthologies as preservers of verbal art.
Gish, Robert Franklin, ed. Beyond Bounds: Cross-Cultural Essays on Anglo, American Indian, and Chicano Literature . Albuquerque: U of New Mexico P, 1996.
A comparative study of European American, Native American, and Chicano writers, including Rudolfo Anaya, James Welch, Ray Young Bear, Jimmy Santiago Baca, Charles Lummis, and Witter Bynner.
Hinton, Leanne. Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages . Berkeley: Heyday, 1994.
Using indigenous voices, the author describes the numerous California Native American languages and the struggle to keep them alive. The essays were first published in News from Native California .
Jaskoski, Helen, ed. Early Native American Writing: New Critical Essays . Foreword by A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff. New York: Cambridge UP, 1996.
The first book-length collection of critical essays on Native American literature from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century. In addition to analyzing writings by Hezikiah Calvin and David Fowler, Samson Occum, William Apess, Joaquin Murieta, G. W Grayson, Charles Eastman, Mourning Dove, and D'Arcy McNickle, essays discuss smallpox and stories of the frontier, Seneca intellectuals and the Treaty of 1838, and Native American women's journalism of the Dawes era and the assimilation debate.
Krupat, Arnold, ed. The Turn to the Native: Studies in Criticism and Culture . Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1996.
The first two chapters, “Criticism and Native American Literature” and “Postcolonialism, Ideology, and Native American Literature,” provide an overview of critical issues in the academic study of Native American literature. Two chapters focus on Gerald Vizenor's Heirs of Columbus and Dead Voices , while the final chapter, “A Nice Jewish Boy among the Indians,” offers an autobiographical perspective.
Lindquist, Mark Allan, and Martin Zanger, eds. Buried Roots and Indestructible Seeds: The Survival of American Indian Life in Story, History, and Spirit . Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1994.
Critical essays by historians, literary scholars, and writers such as Joseph Bruchac, George Cornell, Kimberly Blaeser, Gerald Vizenor, Frederick Hoxie, Thomas Venum, Jr., James Oberly, and Denise Sweet.
Lopez, Kim, comp. Native American Literature: A Catalog . Foreword by Leslie Marmon Silko. 1994. Foreword by Joseph Bruchac. Hadley: Lopez, 1996.
A bibliography of Native American literature.
Mariani, Giorgio. Post-Tribal Epics: The Native American Novel between Tradition and Modernity . Lewiston: Mellen, 1996.
A study of the tension between traditional Native American perspectives and (post) modernism in the novels House Made of Dawn, Ceremony, Winter in the Blood, The Death of jim Loney, Bearheart, The Heirs of Columbus, and Almanac of the Dead
Morrow, Phyllis, and William Schneider, eds. When Our Words Return: Writing, Hearing, and Remembering Oral Traditions of Alaska and the Yukon . Logan: Utah State UP, 1995.
A study of literacy and orality in Alaska and the Yukon.
National Museum of the American Indian. All Roads Are Good: Native Voices on Life and Culture. Washington: Smithsonian Inst., 1994.
Perspectives on Native American social life, art, and material culture.
Nelson, Robert M. Place and Vision: The Function of Landscape in Native American Fiction . New York: Lang, 1995. A study of landscape in House Made of Dawn , by N. Scott Momaday; Death of jim Loney , by James Welch; and Ceremony , by Leslie Marmon Silko. After exploring the novels' settings in the West and Southwest, the author discusses the significance of specific geographies to the narratives.
Nolan, James. Poet-Chief The Native American Poetics of Walt Whitman and Pablo Neruda . Albuquerque: U of New Mexico P, 1994.
A comparative study of the poetics of Whitman and Neruda, both of whom adapted indigenous oral art, religion, and characters in their work. Focuses on Leaves of Grass and Canto General
Purdy, John, ed. The Legacy of D'Arcy McNickle: Writer, Historian, Activist . Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1996.
Eleven essays on McNickle, a Native American who worked as a novelist, historian, and political activist from the 1930s through the 1970s. Topics include McNickle's experiments with oral tradition and literature and his visionary search for identity. Analysis of his novels The Surrounded, Runner in the Sun , and Wind from an Enemy Sky places them in cultural, literary, and political context. Includes an annotated bibliography of McNickle's articles and reviews.
Ruppert, James. Mediation in Contemporary Native American Fiction . Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1995.
Focuses on novels by six major contemporary writers—N. Scott Momaday, James Welch, Leslie Marmon Silko, Gerald Vizenor, D'Arcy McNickle, and Louise Erdrich. Discusses survival, continuance, healing, negotiating multiple subjectivities, and using various narrative forms (for instance, oral storytelling traditions of tribal cultures as well as plots characteristic of European American writing) to forge transcultural connections.
Sarris, Greg (Coast Miwok-Kashaya Pomo). Mabel McKay: Weaving the Dream . Berkeley: U of California P, 1994.
Tells the story of a Pomo healer and basketmaker and describes the process of obtaining and editing that story.
Scarberry-Garcia, Susan. Dancing Spirits: José Rey Toledo, Towa Artist . Santa Fe: Museum of Indian Arts and Culture and Laboratory of Anthropology, 1994.
A life history of the Towa painter José Rey Toledo. Includes discussion of Pueblo culture and history.
Stott, Jon C. Native Americans in Children's Literature . Foreword by Joseph Bruchac. Phoenix: Oryx, 1995.
A study of representations of Native Americans in children's literature. Includes discussion of stereotypes, cultural conflict, Native American tricksters, and mythic heroes.
Straub, Deborah Gillan, ed. Voices of Multicultural America: Notable Speeches Delivered by African, Asian, Hispanic and Native Americans, 1790<caron>1995 . New York: Gale, 1996.
A collection of 230 speeches by close to 130 orators. Provides biographical information about speakers and descriptions of the contexts in which speeches were presented. The introduction includes four essays outlining oratorical traditions for the four culture groups.
Tilton, Robert S. Pocahontas: The Evolution of an American Narrative . New York: Cambridge UP, 1994.
A consideration of the image of Pocahontas in American literature from 1600 to 1899.
Velie, Alan R., ed. Native American Perspectives on Literature and History . Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1995.