Oil jumps 2 percent on Iran Yahoo! News
Oil prices jumped 2 percent on Monday to top $73 a barrel on concerns that supplies could take a hit from Iran's defiant pursuit of its nuclear program and violence in Nigeria. IPE Brent crude futures in London gained $1.66 to trade at $73.68 a barrel after a fire shut ERG (ERG.MI) group's 160,000 barrel-per-day (bpd) Impianti Nord refinery in Sicily, adding to supply worries. U.S. light sweet crude rose $1.47 to $73.35 a barrel in afternoon activity as markets remained fixed on Iran. Iran vowed Sunday to carry on pursuing a nuclear fuel cycle and to strike back if it is attacked. The world's nuclear watchdog said last week Tehran had ignored international calls to abandon its atomic program. "Iran continues to be a factor with the market waiting what kind of sanctions the United Nations (Security Council) might impose against it," said Tom Knight, trader at products marketer Truman Arnold in Texarkana, Texas. U.N. ambassadors from the United States, Britain and France are expected to introduce a Security Council resolution this week to make Iran comply with demands to enrichment. Failure to do so could result in limited sanctions, although Russia and China -- the other two veto-wielding council members -- say they do not favor such a move for now. Concerns over Iran's growing standoff with western nations helped push U.S. oil to a record high of $75.35 a barrel in late April. Prices fell after President Bush temporarily eased fuel standards to increase availability of refined products ahead of the summer driving season. But U.S. Energy Secretary Samual Bodman said the world's top oil consumer may be facing an energy "crisis." Government officials are concerned high U.S. gasoline prices may become a political liability during congressional elections this year. "There is apparently some evidence we have a crisis," Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman said in a televised interview over the weeend. Qatari Energy Minister Abdulah al-Attiyah said oil prices were being driven by geopolitical concerns and added there was little oil cartel OPEC could do at its June 1 meeting to help bring them down. "I see the geopolitical situation still pushing the price of oil very high up. You cannot control strong winds, and you cannot control the geopolitical situation," he told reporters. Violence in Nigeria, where militant attacks have cut crude production by a quarter, also added support to oil markets. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta, which wants more local control over the southern delta's oil wealth, said it had detonated 30 kg (66 lb) of dynamite in a car bombing close to a refinery in the oil capital of Warri. The militants said it was a warning to oil industry workers and investors, singling out the Chinese government, which last week clinched a multi-billion dollar deal for access to oil acreage.
By Matthew Robinson
Full Version: Iran - Volume 3
Common Ground Common Sense > Issues that Affect Our Lives > Foreign Policy and National Defense > Foreign Policy & National Defense Issues Archive
The Gulf Between Us
By FLYNT LEVERETT (NYT) 1157 words
Published: January 24, 2006
WASHINGTON - AS the United States and its European partners consider their next steps to contain the Iranian nuclear threat, let's recall how poorly the Bush administration has handled this issue. During its five years in office, the administration has turned away from every opportunity to put relations with Iran on a more positive trajectory. Three examples stand out.
In the aftermath of the Sept. 11 attacks, Tehran offered to help Washington overthrow the Taliban and establish a new political order in Afghanistan. But in his 2002 State of the Union address, President Bush announced that Iran was part of an ''axis of evil,'' thereby scuttling any possibility of leveraging tactical cooperation over Afghanistan into a strategic opening.
In the spring of 2003, shortly before I left government, the Iranian Foreign Ministry sent Washington a detailed proposal for comprehensive negotiations to resolve bilateral differences. The document acknowledged that Iran would have to address concerns about its weapons programs and support for anti-Israeli terrorist organizations. It was presented as having support from all major players in Iran's power structure, including the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. A conversation I had shortly after leaving the government with a senior conservative Iranian official strongly suggested that this was the case. Unfortunately, the administration's response was to complain that the Swiss diplomats who passed the document from Tehran to Washington were out of line.
Finally, in October 2003, the Europeans got Iran to agree to suspend enrichment in order to pursue talks that might lead to an economic, nuclear and strategic deal. But the Bush administration refused to join the European initiative, ensuring that the talks failed.
Now Washington and its allies are faced with two unattractive options for dealing with the Iranian nuclear issue. They can refer the issue to the Security Council, but, at a time of tight energy markets, no one is interested in restricting Iranian oil sales. Other measures under discussion -- travel restrictions on Iranian officials, for example -- are likely to be imposed only ad hoc, with Russia and China as probable holdouts. They are in any case unlikely to sway Iranian decision-making, because unlike his predecessor, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disdains being feted in European capitals.
Alternatively, the United States (or Israel) could strike militarily at Iran's nuclear installations. But these are spread across Iran, and planners may not know all of the targets that would need to be hit. Moreover, a strike could prove counterproductive by hardening Iranian resolve to acquire a nuclear weapons capacity.
Is there a way out of this strategic dead end? Nuclear diplomacy with Iran, never an easy proposition, has been made harder not only by poor policy choices in Washington, but also by trends in Iranian politics. Mr. Ahmadinejad's electoral victory last year against former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani suggests that a significant number of Iranians linked Mr. Rafsanjani's call for rapprochement with the West with his corrupt past and rejected both in favor of Mr. Ahmadinejad's populist nationalism. Moreover, Mr. Ahmadinejad's execrable rhetoric about Israel and the Holocaust threatens to make future Western engagement look like appeasement.
These developments have severely circumscribed the possibilities for diplomacy between the United States and Iran. Iranian officials with ties to the Ayatollah Khamenei continue to stress in private conversations that key players on Iran's National Security Council -- the chief decision-making body for foreign policy -- remain interested in a strategic dialogue with Washington. But the popularly elected President Ahmadinejad could easily marshal resistance to any ''grand bargain'' with the United States. And absent a more positive strategic context, efforts to reopen discussions on a discrete issue of mutual interest, like Iraq, would at best only reprise the experience of short-lived tactical cooperation over Afghanistan.
Last week, the Saudi foreign minister, Saud al-Faisal, suggested a way out of this impasse -- one that might also help address other pressing challenges in the Persian Gulf. The Saudi prince noted that if Iranian nuclear weapons were deployed against Israel, they would kill Palestinians, and if they missed Israel, they would hit Arab countries. And so he urged Iran ''to accept the position that we have taken to make the Gulf, as part of the Middle East, nuclear free and free of weapons of mass destruction.''
While Prince Saud blamed Israel for starting a nuclear arms race in the Middle East, his implication that a nuclear-weapons-free Gulf might precede a regionwide nuclear-weapons-free zone is a nuanced departure from longstanding Arab insistence that regional arms control cannot begin without Israel's denuclearization. The United States and its partners should build on this idea and support the creation of a Gulf Security Council that would include Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the other Arab states in the Gulf, as well as the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.
The Gulf Security Council would not replace American alliances with traditional security partners, but it would operate alongside them, much as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe has operated alongside NATO. The council would provide a framework under which the United States could guarantee that it would not use force to change Iran's borders or form of government, provided that Iran committed itself to regionally defined and monitored norms for nonproliferation (including a nuclear weapons ban), counterterrorism and human rights. States concerned about Iran's nuclear activities would then have new leverage to ensure Iranian compliance with these commitments. Additionally, pressing Iran to abide by standards defined and administered multilaterally might be more acceptable to China and Russia than pushing Iran to accept an American reinterpretation of its nonproliferation obligations.
Such a framework would leapfrog over proposals for establishing a ''contact group'' of Iraq's neighbors and offer all parts of the Iranian political spectrum -- even the hard-liners around Mr. Ahmadinejad -- something they want: recognition of Iran's leading regional role. Besides rejuvenating efforts to contain the Iranian nuclear threat, it could provide essential support for stabilization in Iraq, as the inclusion of Iran and Saudi Arabia would bring together the two states that could be most useful in brokering compromises between Shiite and Sunni communities there.
A diplomatic resolution of the Iranian nuclear problem is still within reach. But successful diplomacy will require a bold new vision. The next time the five permanent members of the Security Council convene to discuss Iran, perhaps they should meet in Riyadh rather than London.
By FLYNT LEVERETT (NYT) 1157 words
Published: January 24, 2006
WASHINGTON - AS the United States and its European partners consider their next steps to contain the Iranian nuclear threat, let's recall how poorly the Bush administration has handled this issue. During its five years in office, the administration has turned away from every opportunity to put relations with Iran on a more positive trajectory. Three examples stand out.
In the aftermath of the Sept. 11 attacks, Tehran offered to help Washington overthrow the Taliban and establish a new political order in Afghanistan. But in his 2002 State of the Union address, President Bush announced that Iran was part of an ''axis of evil,'' thereby scuttling any possibility of leveraging tactical cooperation over Afghanistan into a strategic opening.
In the spring of 2003, shortly before I left government, the Iranian Foreign Ministry sent Washington a detailed proposal for comprehensive negotiations to resolve bilateral differences. The document acknowledged that Iran would have to address concerns about its weapons programs and support for anti-Israeli terrorist organizations. It was presented as having support from all major players in Iran's power structure, including the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. A conversation I had shortly after leaving the government with a senior conservative Iranian official strongly suggested that this was the case. Unfortunately, the administration's response was to complain that the Swiss diplomats who passed the document from Tehran to Washington were out of line.
Finally, in October 2003, the Europeans got Iran to agree to suspend enrichment in order to pursue talks that might lead to an economic, nuclear and strategic deal. But the Bush administration refused to join the European initiative, ensuring that the talks failed.
Now Washington and its allies are faced with two unattractive options for dealing with the Iranian nuclear issue. They can refer the issue to the Security Council, but, at a time of tight energy markets, no one is interested in restricting Iranian oil sales. Other measures under discussion -- travel restrictions on Iranian officials, for example -- are likely to be imposed only ad hoc, with Russia and China as probable holdouts. They are in any case unlikely to sway Iranian decision-making, because unlike his predecessor, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disdains being feted in European capitals.
Alternatively, the United States (or Israel) could strike militarily at Iran's nuclear installations. But these are spread across Iran, and planners may not know all of the targets that would need to be hit. Moreover, a strike could prove counterproductive by hardening Iranian resolve to acquire a nuclear weapons capacity.
Is there a way out of this strategic dead end? Nuclear diplomacy with Iran, never an easy proposition, has been made harder not only by poor policy choices in Washington, but also by trends in Iranian politics. Mr. Ahmadinejad's electoral victory last year against former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani suggests that a significant number of Iranians linked Mr. Rafsanjani's call for rapprochement with the West with his corrupt past and rejected both in favor of Mr. Ahmadinejad's populist nationalism. Moreover, Mr. Ahmadinejad's execrable rhetoric about Israel and the Holocaust threatens to make future Western engagement look like appeasement.
These developments have severely circumscribed the possibilities for diplomacy between the United States and Iran. Iranian officials with ties to the Ayatollah Khamenei continue to stress in private conversations that key players on Iran's National Security Council -- the chief decision-making body for foreign policy -- remain interested in a strategic dialogue with Washington. But the popularly elected President Ahmadinejad could easily marshal resistance to any ''grand bargain'' with the United States. And absent a more positive strategic context, efforts to reopen discussions on a discrete issue of mutual interest, like Iraq, would at best only reprise the experience of short-lived tactical cooperation over Afghanistan.
Last week, the Saudi foreign minister, Saud al-Faisal, suggested a way out of this impasse -- one that might also help address other pressing challenges in the Persian Gulf. The Saudi prince noted that if Iranian nuclear weapons were deployed against Israel, they would kill Palestinians, and if they missed Israel, they would hit Arab countries. And so he urged Iran ''to accept the position that we have taken to make the Gulf, as part of the Middle East, nuclear free and free of weapons of mass destruction.''
While Prince Saud blamed Israel for starting a nuclear arms race in the Middle East, his implication that a nuclear-weapons-free Gulf might precede a regionwide nuclear-weapons-free zone is a nuanced departure from longstanding Arab insistence that regional arms control cannot begin without Israel's denuclearization. The United States and its partners should build on this idea and support the creation of a Gulf Security Council that would include Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the other Arab states in the Gulf, as well as the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.
The Gulf Security Council would not replace American alliances with traditional security partners, but it would operate alongside them, much as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe has operated alongside NATO. The council would provide a framework under which the United States could guarantee that it would not use force to change Iran's borders or form of government, provided that Iran committed itself to regionally defined and monitored norms for nonproliferation (including a nuclear weapons ban), counterterrorism and human rights. States concerned about Iran's nuclear activities would then have new leverage to ensure Iranian compliance with these commitments. Additionally, pressing Iran to abide by standards defined and administered multilaterally might be more acceptable to China and Russia than pushing Iran to accept an American reinterpretation of its nonproliferation obligations.
Such a framework would leapfrog over proposals for establishing a ''contact group'' of Iraq's neighbors and offer all parts of the Iranian political spectrum -- even the hard-liners around Mr. Ahmadinejad -- something they want: recognition of Iran's leading regional role. Besides rejuvenating efforts to contain the Iranian nuclear threat, it could provide essential support for stabilization in Iraq, as the inclusion of Iran and Saudi Arabia would bring together the two states that could be most useful in brokering compromises between Shiite and Sunni communities there.
A diplomatic resolution of the Iranian nuclear problem is still within reach. But successful diplomacy will require a bold new vision. The next time the five permanent members of the Security Council convene to discuss Iran, perhaps they should meet in Riyadh rather than London.
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=710...id=a_E3nlsIf7Vk
Iran Says Will Negotiate on `Large-Scale' Enrichment (Update4)
April 30 (Bloomberg) -- Iran, facing a United Nations Security Council review of its nuclear program, said it is prepared to negotiate on the scope of its uranium enrichment.
Iran's nuclear research is ``irreversible,'' Hamid Reza Asefi, a spokesman for the Foreign Ministry, told reporters in Tehran today, state television broadcast. The nation will negotiate on ``large-scale'' enrichment, he said.
``We are eager to find large-scale enrichment solutions through negotiations,'' Asefi said. A Russian proposal aimed at breaking the international deadlock by enriching the fuel in Russia and shipping it to Iran is ``still on the table,'' he said, without elaborating.
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice dismissed the Iranian government's position as ``playing games.'' Any serious offer to negotiate should be accompanied by a suspension of enrichment efforts and answers to the demands by the United Nations' nuclear agency and the Security Council, she said today on ABC's ``This Week'' program in Washington.
The UN's International Atomic Energy Agency told the Security Council April 28 that Iran had successfully enriched uranium and was stonewalling inspectors' efforts to determine whether the program is intended for the production of nuclear weapons. The assessment sets the stage for the Security Council to consider imposing sanctions on Iran.
Russia's proposal is designed to allay international concerns about Iran developing nuclear weapons while guaranteeing the nation access to nuclear fuel.
Nuclear `Right'
Iran has said the international community must acknowledge its right to enrich uranium. Russia's proposal will only succeed if Iran's right to nuclear energy is ``officially accepted'' by the international community, Asefi said April 23.
Iran bases its claim on Article 4 of the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, of which it is a signatory. That article says it is a nation's ``inalienable right'' to develop, research, produce and use nuclear energy, provided it is for ``peaceful purposes.''
The U.S. has been ``very clear'' that it will support an Iranian civilian nuclear power program with the restrictions proposed by Russia and the European Union to prevent Iran from enriching uranium, Rice said.
Unless Iran complies with international demands, the U.S. will press for a resolution under Chapter 7 of the UN charter, which ``compels behavior from a member state,'' Rice said. That step provides for economic and diplomatic sanctions as well as possible use of military force. China and Russian have said they oppose sanctions.
Making the Choice
``The international community is going to face a choice just as Iran faces a choice,'' she said in a separate interview on CBS's ``Face the Nation'' program. ``Are we going to continue to allow the will of the international community to be defied?''
Former Secretary of State Colin Powell said in an interview in London today that the Iranian government appears to be ready for defiance. The Iranians `have looked at this very carefully,'' Powell said on the U.K.'s ITV network, and ``they've decided to go forward, even in the face of potential sanctions, which suggests to me that they have pretty much decided that they can accept whatever sanctions are coming their way.''
Asked about Powell's comments, Rice said on Fox that efforts by Iranian officials to keep the matter out of the Security Council suggests ``they are indeed somewhat concerned that the Security Council might move to the kinds of measures that could further isolate Iran.''
To contact the reporters on this story:
Ladane Nasseri at lnasseri@bloomberg.net;
Marc Wolfensberger in Tehran at mwolfens@bloomberg.net
Last Updated: April 30, 2006 11:45 EDT
Iran Says Will Negotiate on `Large-Scale' Enrichment (Update4)
April 30 (Bloomberg) -- Iran, facing a United Nations Security Council review of its nuclear program, said it is prepared to negotiate on the scope of its uranium enrichment.
Iran's nuclear research is ``irreversible,'' Hamid Reza Asefi, a spokesman for the Foreign Ministry, told reporters in Tehran today, state television broadcast. The nation will negotiate on ``large-scale'' enrichment, he said.
``We are eager to find large-scale enrichment solutions through negotiations,'' Asefi said. A Russian proposal aimed at breaking the international deadlock by enriching the fuel in Russia and shipping it to Iran is ``still on the table,'' he said, without elaborating.
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice dismissed the Iranian government's position as ``playing games.'' Any serious offer to negotiate should be accompanied by a suspension of enrichment efforts and answers to the demands by the United Nations' nuclear agency and the Security Council, she said today on ABC's ``This Week'' program in Washington.
The UN's International Atomic Energy Agency told the Security Council April 28 that Iran had successfully enriched uranium and was stonewalling inspectors' efforts to determine whether the program is intended for the production of nuclear weapons. The assessment sets the stage for the Security Council to consider imposing sanctions on Iran.
Russia's proposal is designed to allay international concerns about Iran developing nuclear weapons while guaranteeing the nation access to nuclear fuel.
Nuclear `Right'
Iran has said the international community must acknowledge its right to enrich uranium. Russia's proposal will only succeed if Iran's right to nuclear energy is ``officially accepted'' by the international community, Asefi said April 23.
Iran bases its claim on Article 4 of the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, of which it is a signatory. That article says it is a nation's ``inalienable right'' to develop, research, produce and use nuclear energy, provided it is for ``peaceful purposes.''
The U.S. has been ``very clear'' that it will support an Iranian civilian nuclear power program with the restrictions proposed by Russia and the European Union to prevent Iran from enriching uranium, Rice said.
Unless Iran complies with international demands, the U.S. will press for a resolution under Chapter 7 of the UN charter, which ``compels behavior from a member state,'' Rice said. That step provides for economic and diplomatic sanctions as well as possible use of military force. China and Russian have said they oppose sanctions.
Making the Choice
``The international community is going to face a choice just as Iran faces a choice,'' she said in a separate interview on CBS's ``Face the Nation'' program. ``Are we going to continue to allow the will of the international community to be defied?''
Former Secretary of State Colin Powell said in an interview in London today that the Iranian government appears to be ready for defiance. The Iranians `have looked at this very carefully,'' Powell said on the U.K.'s ITV network, and ``they've decided to go forward, even in the face of potential sanctions, which suggests to me that they have pretty much decided that they can accept whatever sanctions are coming their way.''
Asked about Powell's comments, Rice said on Fox that efforts by Iranian officials to keep the matter out of the Security Council suggests ``they are indeed somewhat concerned that the Security Council might move to the kinds of measures that could further isolate Iran.''
To contact the reporters on this story:
Ladane Nasseri at lnasseri@bloomberg.net;
Marc Wolfensberger in Tehran at mwolfens@bloomberg.net
Last Updated: April 30, 2006 11:45 EDT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEBKAfile: The new uranium deposits found in central Iran allow Tehran to enrich more uranium with reduced dependence on imported ore. Tehran again threatens Israel
May 2, 2006, 7:29 PM (GMT+02:00)
Mohammed Ghannadi, deputy chief for nuclear research presented the “good news” to a press conference in Tehran Tuesday, May 2, while in Paris, representatives of the five permanent Security Council members and Germany discussed the next steps after Iran spurned the UN call to halt enrichment.
The new sites of “economically viable” uranium deposits were found in central Iran’s Khoshoomi region, Charchooleh and Narigan, according to Ghannadi.
Iran’s principle source until now had been the Saghand mine, near Kashan, which has a reported capacity of 132,000 tons of ore a year.
DEBKAfile’s sources say the Saghand ore is of poor quality, not up to supporting the six to eight nuclear reactors president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad a month ago claimed Iran aspires to build in the next two decades. Tehran has spent many billions of dollars on a large-scale uranium enrichment program to fuel this ambitious project and was drawing up long-term contracts to import uranium ore from South Africa.
The discovery of the new deposits reduces the Islamic Republic’s dependence on outside sources which could be susceptible to American pressure and which could refuse to go through with sales.
Regarding potential US military action, Revolutionary Guards commander, Rear Admiral Mohammad-Ebrahim Dehqani said Tuesday: Whenever America does something evil, “the first place that we target will be Israel.”
Also in Tehran the head of the national atomic body, Gholamreza Aghazadeh claimed the level of enrichment carried out in Iran was 4.8%. Above 5%, he said, was “not on Iran’s agenda.” None of the experts credit this claim as anything more than another Iranian attempt to hoodwink the world.
He added that construction work and preparation of a cascade of 3,000 centrifuges to be installed by the end of this year is underway.
Iran announced at the end of April that it had enriched up to 3.6%. The level would have to be at least 80% to make nuclear weapons.
DEBKAfile’s Iranian sources add, however, that Tehran will very soon add 400 advanced P-2 centrifuges to the 1.600 already in place. This would be a giant leap forward as the P-2 type could triple or quadruple the speed of enrichment and accelerate progress towards the production of a bomb.
Our sources add: Week by week, a hitherto concealed breakthrough in Iran’s nuclear program comes to light. The cumulative effect is a build-up towards a militarization process that at some point will become irreversible – unless it is stopped. Iranian progress to that point appears to be accelerating.
Copyright 2000-2006 DEBKAfile. All Rights Reserved.
DEBKAfile: The new uranium deposits found in central Iran allow Tehran to enrich more uranium with reduced dependence on imported ore. Tehran again threatens Israel
May 2, 2006, 7:29 PM (GMT+02:00)
Mohammed Ghannadi, deputy chief for nuclear research presented the “good news” to a press conference in Tehran Tuesday, May 2, while in Paris, representatives of the five permanent Security Council members and Germany discussed the next steps after Iran spurned the UN call to halt enrichment.
The new sites of “economically viable” uranium deposits were found in central Iran’s Khoshoomi region, Charchooleh and Narigan, according to Ghannadi.
Iran’s principle source until now had been the Saghand mine, near Kashan, which has a reported capacity of 132,000 tons of ore a year.
DEBKAfile’s sources say the Saghand ore is of poor quality, not up to supporting the six to eight nuclear reactors president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad a month ago claimed Iran aspires to build in the next two decades. Tehran has spent many billions of dollars on a large-scale uranium enrichment program to fuel this ambitious project and was drawing up long-term contracts to import uranium ore from South Africa.
The discovery of the new deposits reduces the Islamic Republic’s dependence on outside sources which could be susceptible to American pressure and which could refuse to go through with sales.
Regarding potential US military action, Revolutionary Guards commander, Rear Admiral Mohammad-Ebrahim Dehqani said Tuesday: Whenever America does something evil, “the first place that we target will be Israel.”
Also in Tehran the head of the national atomic body, Gholamreza Aghazadeh claimed the level of enrichment carried out in Iran was 4.8%. Above 5%, he said, was “not on Iran’s agenda.” None of the experts credit this claim as anything more than another Iranian attempt to hoodwink the world.
He added that construction work and preparation of a cascade of 3,000 centrifuges to be installed by the end of this year is underway.
Iran announced at the end of April that it had enriched up to 3.6%. The level would have to be at least 80% to make nuclear weapons.
DEBKAfile’s Iranian sources add, however, that Tehran will very soon add 400 advanced P-2 centrifuges to the 1.600 already in place. This would be a giant leap forward as the P-2 type could triple or quadruple the speed of enrichment and accelerate progress towards the production of a bomb.
Our sources add: Week by week, a hitherto concealed breakthrough in Iran’s nuclear program comes to light. The cumulative effect is a build-up towards a militarization process that at some point will become irreversible – unless it is stopped. Iranian progress to that point appears to be accelerating.
Copyright 2000-2006 DEBKAfile. All Rights Reserved.
Iran threatens Israel if US acts "evil" Yahoo! News
Iran threatened on Tuesday to attack Israel in response to any "evil" act by the United States and said it had enriched uranium to a level close to the maximum compatible with civilian use in power stations. The defiant statements were issued shortly before world powers met in Paris late on Tuesday to plan their next moves after Tehran rejected a U.N. call to halt uranium enrichment. Senior officials from the U.N. Security Council's permanent members -- Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States -- plus Germany discussed how to curb an Iranian program that Western nations say conceals a drive for atomic warheads. Iran denies the charge and refuses to back down from what it calls its right to enrich uranium for peaceful purposes. Driving home that message, the head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization, Gholamreza Aghazadeh, said his country had now succeeded in purifying uranium to 4.8 percent, at the top end of the 3 to 5 percent range for fuel used in nuclear power plants. "Enrichment above 5 percent is not on Iran's agenda," Aghazadeh told the students' ISNA news agency. Iran has previously said it had enriched to more than 4 percent, far below the 80 percent level needed for bomb-making. It has used a test cascade of 164 centrifuges to enrich uranium so far and is building two similar cascades. It says it will start installing 3,000 centrifuges later this year -- which could yield enough material for one bomb within a year. The United States and Israel have vowed to deny Iran nuclear weapons. Washington has not ruled out military action if diplomacy fails and Tehran has sworn to retaliate if attacked.
TARGETING ISRAEL
"We have announced that wherever America does something evil, the first place that we target will be Israel," ISNA quoted a senior Revolutionary Guards commander, Rear Admiral Mohammad-Ebrahim Dehqani, as saying on Tuesday. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has called for the Jewish state to be "wiped off the map." Iran's deputy oil minister said there was "some possibility" of a U.S. attack on his country over its nuclear program. "I am worried. Everybody is worried," Mohammad Hadi Nejad-Hosseinian said in New Delhi after talks on a proposed $7-billion pipeline from Iran to India via Pakistan. Concerns that Iran's dispute with the West could lead to disruption of its oil output pushed oil prices above $74 a barrel, close to the record of $75.35 touched last month. The United States, Britain and France are expected to introduce a resolution to the Security Council this week that would legally oblige Iran to comply with U.N. demands. The three countries favor limited sanctions if Tehran remains defiant. Iran said Russia and China, also veto-wielding permanent council members, would not back any punitive measures. "The thing these two countries have officially told us and expressed in diplomatic negotiations is their opposition to sanctions and military attacks," Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki told Iran's Kayhan newspaper. China and Russia both have big energy interests in Iran, the world's fourth biggest oil exporter. Russia is also helping Iran build its first atomic power plant in the Gulf port of Bushehr.
"STIFF MESSAGE"
In New York, China's U.N. ambassador, Wang Guangya, said he had seen an outline of a proposed Security Council resolution on Iran being drafted by Britain. "There are some elements that might cause difficulties," he told reporters, declining to elaborate. Other U.N. diplomats said, however, that no draft was yet being circulated among council members ahead of the Paris talks. Nicholas Burns, the U.S. under-secretary of state for political affairs, said in Paris that Tuesday's meeting was aimed at keeping the Security Council members and Germany united before a meeting of foreign ministers in New York on May 9. Asked about Mottaki's comments, he said: "All I know is that China and Russia say that they don't want a nuclear-armed Iran. And China and Russia have voted with us against the government of Iran. So we intend to preserve this unity." Burns said he expected a consensus to emerge over the next 30-40 days on the need to send a "stiff message" to Iran, adding that a range of sanctions had been discussed privately. These included restricting exports to Iran of dual-use technology that could support its research and development or help it fabricate fissile material or a nuclear device. Other options were travel curbs on Iranian officials and a ban on arms sales to Iran, such as a planned Russian missile deal. Oil and gas sanctions were not being discussed now. "We hope that the U.N. Security Council, through a resolution, will send a firm and united message to Iran," French Foreign Ministry spokesman Jean-Baptiste Mattei said in Paris. In Washington State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said Tuesday's talks focused on the language of a resolution. Sanctions were not included for now but could be later and states could consider imposing sanctions individually, he said. The U.N. nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), says it cannot confirm that Iran's goals are peaceful, but has found no proof of a military program. (Additional reporting by Alireza Ronaghi and Parinoosh Arami in Tehran, Mark Heinrich in Vienna, Jon Boyle and Anna Willard in Paris and Himanghsu Watts in New Delhi, Irwin Arieff at the
United Nations)
By Edmund Blair
Iran threatened on Tuesday to attack Israel in response to any "evil" act by the United States and said it had enriched uranium to a level close to the maximum compatible with civilian use in power stations. The defiant statements were issued shortly before world powers met in Paris late on Tuesday to plan their next moves after Tehran rejected a U.N. call to halt uranium enrichment. Senior officials from the U.N. Security Council's permanent members -- Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States -- plus Germany discussed how to curb an Iranian program that Western nations say conceals a drive for atomic warheads. Iran denies the charge and refuses to back down from what it calls its right to enrich uranium for peaceful purposes. Driving home that message, the head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization, Gholamreza Aghazadeh, said his country had now succeeded in purifying uranium to 4.8 percent, at the top end of the 3 to 5 percent range for fuel used in nuclear power plants. "Enrichment above 5 percent is not on Iran's agenda," Aghazadeh told the students' ISNA news agency. Iran has previously said it had enriched to more than 4 percent, far below the 80 percent level needed for bomb-making. It has used a test cascade of 164 centrifuges to enrich uranium so far and is building two similar cascades. It says it will start installing 3,000 centrifuges later this year -- which could yield enough material for one bomb within a year. The United States and Israel have vowed to deny Iran nuclear weapons. Washington has not ruled out military action if diplomacy fails and Tehran has sworn to retaliate if attacked.
TARGETING ISRAEL
"We have announced that wherever America does something evil, the first place that we target will be Israel," ISNA quoted a senior Revolutionary Guards commander, Rear Admiral Mohammad-Ebrahim Dehqani, as saying on Tuesday. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has called for the Jewish state to be "wiped off the map." Iran's deputy oil minister said there was "some possibility" of a U.S. attack on his country over its nuclear program. "I am worried. Everybody is worried," Mohammad Hadi Nejad-Hosseinian said in New Delhi after talks on a proposed $7-billion pipeline from Iran to India via Pakistan. Concerns that Iran's dispute with the West could lead to disruption of its oil output pushed oil prices above $74 a barrel, close to the record of $75.35 touched last month. The United States, Britain and France are expected to introduce a resolution to the Security Council this week that would legally oblige Iran to comply with U.N. demands. The three countries favor limited sanctions if Tehran remains defiant. Iran said Russia and China, also veto-wielding permanent council members, would not back any punitive measures. "The thing these two countries have officially told us and expressed in diplomatic negotiations is their opposition to sanctions and military attacks," Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki told Iran's Kayhan newspaper. China and Russia both have big energy interests in Iran, the world's fourth biggest oil exporter. Russia is also helping Iran build its first atomic power plant in the Gulf port of Bushehr.
"STIFF MESSAGE"
In New York, China's U.N. ambassador, Wang Guangya, said he had seen an outline of a proposed Security Council resolution on Iran being drafted by Britain. "There are some elements that might cause difficulties," he told reporters, declining to elaborate. Other U.N. diplomats said, however, that no draft was yet being circulated among council members ahead of the Paris talks. Nicholas Burns, the U.S. under-secretary of state for political affairs, said in Paris that Tuesday's meeting was aimed at keeping the Security Council members and Germany united before a meeting of foreign ministers in New York on May 9. Asked about Mottaki's comments, he said: "All I know is that China and Russia say that they don't want a nuclear-armed Iran. And China and Russia have voted with us against the government of Iran. So we intend to preserve this unity." Burns said he expected a consensus to emerge over the next 30-40 days on the need to send a "stiff message" to Iran, adding that a range of sanctions had been discussed privately. These included restricting exports to Iran of dual-use technology that could support its research and development or help it fabricate fissile material or a nuclear device. Other options were travel curbs on Iranian officials and a ban on arms sales to Iran, such as a planned Russian missile deal. Oil and gas sanctions were not being discussed now. "We hope that the U.N. Security Council, through a resolution, will send a firm and united message to Iran," French Foreign Ministry spokesman Jean-Baptiste Mattei said in Paris. In Washington State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said Tuesday's talks focused on the language of a resolution. Sanctions were not included for now but could be later and states could consider imposing sanctions individually, he said. The U.N. nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), says it cannot confirm that Iran's goals are peaceful, but has found no proof of a military program. (Additional reporting by Alireza Ronaghi and Parinoosh Arami in Tehran, Mark Heinrich in Vienna, Jon Boyle and Anna Willard in Paris and Himanghsu Watts in New Delhi, Irwin Arieff at the
United Nations)
By Edmund Blair
IRANIAN GIRL WITH MENTAL AGE OF 8 ON THE DEATH ROW
16 Year Old Girl Hanged For "Immorality"
Iran: Death Sentences of juvenile offenders and stoning sentences continue to be passed
Press release, 10/20/2005
Amnesty International is outraged that Iran is continuing to pass death sentences on minors and juvenile offenders (those convicted of crimes committed before the age of 18), and that it is still passing sentences of stoning to death, despite having announced a moratorium on such executions.
Most recently, the newspaper Iran reported on 9 October 2005 that a youth identified as “Hamid” has been sentenced to death by Branch 71 of the Criminal Court in Tehran for the murder of a 23-year-old man committed in 2004. The newspaper originally published his age as 17 but the following day published a letter from the court stating that his age is now 18. He would, however, have been under 18 at the time of his alleged offence. His case will now be submitted to the Supreme Court for review.
Previously, in August, “Mostafa”, a 16-year-old student, and “Sina”, a 17-year-old musician, were reported to have had their death sentences upheld by the Supreme Court. According to the Iranian daily newspaper E’temad, “Mostafa” was convicted of killing a drunken man in the Pars district of Tehran. The drunken man was reportedly harassing a girl when Mostafa intervened to stop him. The man reportedly started hitting Mostafa, who eventually killed him in the ensuing scuffle.
E’temad also reported that “Sina”, a musician in Tehran, was convicted of murder after a dispute with a man over cannabis in October 2004. “Sina” reportedly told the Court that he was addicted to drugs and had gone to a park in Tehran on the day of the incident to try and obtain cannabis from a drug dealer. He allegedly stabbed the drug dealer to death during a fight.
Iran has executed at least seven juvenile offenders in 2005 including two minors who were under 18 at the time of their execution. Most recently, on 12 September 2005, a 22-year-old Iranian man convicted of rape was publicly hanged in the southern province of Fars. According to E’temad, he had been sentenced to death in 2000, suggesting he was under the age of 18 when the crime was committed.
As a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Iran has the obligation not to execute anyone for an offence committed when they were less than 18 years old. For about four years, the Iranian authorities have been considering legislation that would prohibit the use of the death penalty for offences committed under the age of 18.
On 11 October 2005, Minister of Justice, Jamal Karimirad, acting in his capacity as spokesman for the Iranian Judiciary, was reported as having told the Iranian Students’ News Agency that if this bill was passed by the Majles (parliament), then those under the age of 18 would no longer be executed. However, he made a distinction between “qisas” (retribution – the sentence issued in cases where defendants are found guilty of murder) and other crimes carrying the death penalty, stating that “qisas” was a private, not a state matter, although he did state that attempts were being made to address the issue of “qisas” as well.
It is clear from his statement that the draft law currently under consideration falls far short of the measures which are urgently needed in Iran if it is to meet its international obligations under the ICCPR and the CRC. The majority of executions of minors and juvenile offenders in Iran are cases of “qisas” where the individual has been found guilty of murder and it is unacceptable in this regard for the Iranian authorities to separate cases of murder from other crimes carrying the death penalty. Legislation is urgently required to ensure that no person in Iran is sentenced to death for any crime, including murder, committed when they were under the age of 18.
Amnesty International is also concerned at reports on 15 October 2005 that a woman called “Soghra” has been sentenced to death by stoning. According to E’temad, she was convicted of adultery by Branch 71 of the Criminal Court. She also received a 15-year prison sentence for complicity in the murder of her husband, an Afghan. Another Afghan man, known as “Ali Reza”, was sentenced to death for the murder of her husband and to 100 lashes for adultery.
“Soghra” apparently maintained her innocence during her trial. She reportedly claimed that she had been married against her will and that her husband had ill-treated her but that she had not wanted to murder him, and that the reason she had fled her home with “Ali Reza” after he had killed her husband was because she feared that she would be killed by her husband’s brother.
Iran imposed a moratorium upon stoning in December 2002 under a directive from the Head of the Judiciary, which was welcomed by Amnesty International. However, in September 2003, a law was passed concerning the implementation of certain kinds of penalties, including stoning. Amnesty International has recorded sentences of stoning being imposed since the moratorium was announced, although it is not aware of any such sentences being carried out. The organization has written to the Iranian authorities on two occasions to seek clarification of the precise status of stoning in Iran, but has not received any reply. The organization urges the Iranian authorities as a matter of urgency to clarify the position of stoning in Iranian law.
Amnesty International opposes the death penalty as the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment, in violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the ICCPR, to which Iran is a state party. Article 6 of the ICCPR states: “Sentence of death shall not be imposed for crimes committed by persons below eighteen years of age”. Methods of execution such as stoning, which are specifically designed to cause the victim grievous pain before death are of particular concern to Amnesty International, as the most extreme and cruel form of torture.
Amnesty International urges the Iranian authorities to commute all death sentences in Iran, including those of “Hamid”, “Mostafa”, “Sina” and “Soghra”.
http://news.amnesty.org/index/ENGMDE130632005
Press release, 10/20/2005
Amnesty International is outraged that Iran is continuing to pass death sentences on minors and juvenile offenders (those convicted of crimes committed before the age of 18), and that it is still passing sentences of stoning to death, despite having announced a moratorium on such executions.
Most recently, the newspaper Iran reported on 9 October 2005 that a youth identified as “Hamid” has been sentenced to death by Branch 71 of the Criminal Court in Tehran for the murder of a 23-year-old man committed in 2004. The newspaper originally published his age as 17 but the following day published a letter from the court stating that his age is now 18. He would, however, have been under 18 at the time of his alleged offence. His case will now be submitted to the Supreme Court for review.
Previously, in August, “Mostafa”, a 16-year-old student, and “Sina”, a 17-year-old musician, were reported to have had their death sentences upheld by the Supreme Court. According to the Iranian daily newspaper E’temad, “Mostafa” was convicted of killing a drunken man in the Pars district of Tehran. The drunken man was reportedly harassing a girl when Mostafa intervened to stop him. The man reportedly started hitting Mostafa, who eventually killed him in the ensuing scuffle.
E’temad also reported that “Sina”, a musician in Tehran, was convicted of murder after a dispute with a man over cannabis in October 2004. “Sina” reportedly told the Court that he was addicted to drugs and had gone to a park in Tehran on the day of the incident to try and obtain cannabis from a drug dealer. He allegedly stabbed the drug dealer to death during a fight.
Iran has executed at least seven juvenile offenders in 2005 including two minors who were under 18 at the time of their execution. Most recently, on 12 September 2005, a 22-year-old Iranian man convicted of rape was publicly hanged in the southern province of Fars. According to E’temad, he had been sentenced to death in 2000, suggesting he was under the age of 18 when the crime was committed.
As a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Iran has the obligation not to execute anyone for an offence committed when they were less than 18 years old. For about four years, the Iranian authorities have been considering legislation that would prohibit the use of the death penalty for offences committed under the age of 18.
On 11 October 2005, Minister of Justice, Jamal Karimirad, acting in his capacity as spokesman for the Iranian Judiciary, was reported as having told the Iranian Students’ News Agency that if this bill was passed by the Majles (parliament), then those under the age of 18 would no longer be executed. However, he made a distinction between “qisas” (retribution – the sentence issued in cases where defendants are found guilty of murder) and other crimes carrying the death penalty, stating that “qisas” was a private, not a state matter, although he did state that attempts were being made to address the issue of “qisas” as well.
It is clear from his statement that the draft law currently under consideration falls far short of the measures which are urgently needed in Iran if it is to meet its international obligations under the ICCPR and the CRC. The majority of executions of minors and juvenile offenders in Iran are cases of “qisas” where the individual has been found guilty of murder and it is unacceptable in this regard for the Iranian authorities to separate cases of murder from other crimes carrying the death penalty. Legislation is urgently required to ensure that no person in Iran is sentenced to death for any crime, including murder, committed when they were under the age of 18.
Amnesty International is also concerned at reports on 15 October 2005 that a woman called “Soghra” has been sentenced to death by stoning. According to E’temad, she was convicted of adultery by Branch 71 of the Criminal Court. She also received a 15-year prison sentence for complicity in the murder of her husband, an Afghan. Another Afghan man, known as “Ali Reza”, was sentenced to death for the murder of her husband and to 100 lashes for adultery.
“Soghra” apparently maintained her innocence during her trial. She reportedly claimed that she had been married against her will and that her husband had ill-treated her but that she had not wanted to murder him, and that the reason she had fled her home with “Ali Reza” after he had killed her husband was because she feared that she would be killed by her husband’s brother.
Iran imposed a moratorium upon stoning in December 2002 under a directive from the Head of the Judiciary, which was welcomed by Amnesty International. However, in September 2003, a law was passed concerning the implementation of certain kinds of penalties, including stoning. Amnesty International has recorded sentences of stoning being imposed since the moratorium was announced, although it is not aware of any such sentences being carried out. The organization has written to the Iranian authorities on two occasions to seek clarification of the precise status of stoning in Iran, but has not received any reply. The organization urges the Iranian authorities as a matter of urgency to clarify the position of stoning in Iranian law.
Amnesty International opposes the death penalty as the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment, in violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the ICCPR, to which Iran is a state party. Article 6 of the ICCPR states: “Sentence of death shall not be imposed for crimes committed by persons below eighteen years of age”. Methods of execution such as stoning, which are specifically designed to cause the victim grievous pain before death are of particular concern to Amnesty International, as the most extreme and cruel form of torture.
Amnesty International urges the Iranian authorities to commute all death sentences in Iran, including those of “Hamid”, “Mostafa”, “Sina” and “Soghra”.
http://news.amnesty.org/index/ENGMDE130632005
Tuesday, July 4, 2006 -- Two women in the Iranian city of Ahavaz, two women in the city of Shiraz, and one woman in Tehran’s Evin prison are awaiting the execution of their sentences of public stoning.
According to reports received by the International Committee Against Stoning yesterday, repeated sentences of stoning in Iran have been issued and the Islamic Republic is intent on carrying out these illegal sentences. There are reports of two sentences of public stoning in Ahavaz jail, two in Shiraz, and one in Evin prison. These reports are in addition to Malak Ghorbany’s sentence of public stoning in Northeast Iran.
In the past two weeks, the Islamic Republic of Iran has executed at least one person by public stoning in a jail in Mashhad. The news of the stoning is carefully guarded from being revealed to anyone outside of the prison.
The International Committee Against Stoning firmly denounces this barbaric practice and declares that it will ensure that this issue becomes internationally recognized, and will, once again, call upon the world community to hold the Islamic Republic accountable for these atrocities. Meanwhile, the Committee will continue its efforts to ensure that the ruling members of the Islamic Republic are charged for their continued violations of human rights and are tried in an international court for their crimes against humanity.
The practice of stoning is an act of savagery. Two years ago, firm international denouncement of this barbarous practice, which included demands to punish various members of the ruling regime for their crimes against humanity, led Iran to outlaw stoning as a form of capital punishment for women. Yet, Iran continues to carry out stoning sentences in secret.
We announce that we will not allow the savage execution of these six women, including Malak Ghorbany, who have been sentenced to stoning. We have initiated a massive international campaign to ensure the rescue of these women from execution, as well as to hold the ruling regime of Iran responsible for violations of human rights and for committing crimes against humanity. We are inviting all persons to join us in our effort to put an end to such atrocity.
Support the International Committee Against Stoning to save the lives of these women. Please express your outrage about such violations of human rights in any way that you deem appropriate and productive.
According to reports received by the International Committee Against Stoning yesterday, repeated sentences of stoning in Iran have been issued and the Islamic Republic is intent on carrying out these illegal sentences. There are reports of two sentences of public stoning in Ahavaz jail, two in Shiraz, and one in Evin prison. These reports are in addition to Malak Ghorbany’s sentence of public stoning in Northeast Iran.
In the past two weeks, the Islamic Republic of Iran has executed at least one person by public stoning in a jail in Mashhad. The news of the stoning is carefully guarded from being revealed to anyone outside of the prison.
The International Committee Against Stoning firmly denounces this barbaric practice and declares that it will ensure that this issue becomes internationally recognized, and will, once again, call upon the world community to hold the Islamic Republic accountable for these atrocities. Meanwhile, the Committee will continue its efforts to ensure that the ruling members of the Islamic Republic are charged for their continued violations of human rights and are tried in an international court for their crimes against humanity.
The practice of stoning is an act of savagery. Two years ago, firm international denouncement of this barbarous practice, which included demands to punish various members of the ruling regime for their crimes against humanity, led Iran to outlaw stoning as a form of capital punishment for women. Yet, Iran continues to carry out stoning sentences in secret.
We announce that we will not allow the savage execution of these six women, including Malak Ghorbany, who have been sentenced to stoning. We have initiated a massive international campaign to ensure the rescue of these women from execution, as well as to hold the ruling regime of Iran responsible for violations of human rights and for committing crimes against humanity. We are inviting all persons to join us in our effort to put an end to such atrocity.
Support the International Committee Against Stoning to save the lives of these women. Please express your outrage about such violations of human rights in any way that you deem appropriate and productive.
A 37 year old woman by the name of Ashraf Kalahri is scheduled to be publicly stoned in two weeks.
July 24, 2006 -- As the following interview reveals, the Islamic Republic's medieval clobbering machine continues the violent and barbaric execution of women by public stoning. In 2002, after opposition groups managed to release photographs of public stonings, as well a video of the stoning of four victims in Iran, international outrage over this inhuman practice forced the officials of the Islamic regime to issue a pledge to halt this spiteful practice.
Yet, despite the Islamic regime's claim that it has banned the violent and abhorrent practice of stoning, nothing has been done to remove the provision on stoning in the Islamic Punishment Act. Nor has any governmental official or member of the judiciary has called for a moratorium on stoning. Consequently, public stonings of women have continued unabatedly, and, in recent months, sentences of public stoning have actually increased. These actions are indicative of the Islamic regime's deep-seated misogyny, its complete disregard for women as human beings, and the ruling government's continued violations of human rights. The Islamic regime utilizes these abhorrent and violent acts to enforce a rein of fear and terror that would secure its survival and silence any opposition to its occupation of Iran. Meanwhile, the international community allows these practices to continue by keeping silent about the on-going human rights violations in Iran, and by failing to report about the inhumane treatment of women and children, even when such acts arise to the level of crimes against humanity, which is precisely what the public stoning of women and girls happens to be.
Below is the summary of an interview of Ms. Shadi Sadr, legal counsel for Ashraf Kalahri, and an advocate for gender equality in the Islamic Republic, conducted by Meehandokht media.
Ms. Sadr, despite the fact that, based on an order from Mr. Shahroodi, public stoning of women were supposed to have been banned, there are a number of these sentences that are currently being prepared to be carried out. Do you have any direct and reliable information about this issue?
Shadi Sadr: Yes. In 2002, it was announced that, based on direct orders from Mr. Shahroodi, public stonings were officially banned in Iran. However, because the laws were never taken off the books, stoning sentences continued to legally exist. Numerous courts across Iran have repeatedly issued these sentences, the news of which were only reported sparingly and under a great deal of secrecy. And while many of these sentences were suspended for a couple of years, unfortunately, we have recently witnessed an increase in stoning sentences that were in fact carried out. Specifically, there is a woman in Evin prison by the name of Ashraf Kalhari, who is my client, and last week, she was sentenced to death by public stoning. They told her that her execution was to be carried out in 15 days after her sentencing.
http://savemalak.googlepages.com/ashraf
July 24, 2006 -- As the following interview reveals, the Islamic Republic's medieval clobbering machine continues the violent and barbaric execution of women by public stoning. In 2002, after opposition groups managed to release photographs of public stonings, as well a video of the stoning of four victims in Iran, international outrage over this inhuman practice forced the officials of the Islamic regime to issue a pledge to halt this spiteful practice.
Yet, despite the Islamic regime's claim that it has banned the violent and abhorrent practice of stoning, nothing has been done to remove the provision on stoning in the Islamic Punishment Act. Nor has any governmental official or member of the judiciary has called for a moratorium on stoning. Consequently, public stonings of women have continued unabatedly, and, in recent months, sentences of public stoning have actually increased. These actions are indicative of the Islamic regime's deep-seated misogyny, its complete disregard for women as human beings, and the ruling government's continued violations of human rights. The Islamic regime utilizes these abhorrent and violent acts to enforce a rein of fear and terror that would secure its survival and silence any opposition to its occupation of Iran. Meanwhile, the international community allows these practices to continue by keeping silent about the on-going human rights violations in Iran, and by failing to report about the inhumane treatment of women and children, even when such acts arise to the level of crimes against humanity, which is precisely what the public stoning of women and girls happens to be.
Below is the summary of an interview of Ms. Shadi Sadr, legal counsel for Ashraf Kalahri, and an advocate for gender equality in the Islamic Republic, conducted by Meehandokht media.
Ms. Sadr, despite the fact that, based on an order from Mr. Shahroodi, public stoning of women were supposed to have been banned, there are a number of these sentences that are currently being prepared to be carried out. Do you have any direct and reliable information about this issue?
Shadi Sadr: Yes. In 2002, it was announced that, based on direct orders from Mr. Shahroodi, public stonings were officially banned in Iran. However, because the laws were never taken off the books, stoning sentences continued to legally exist. Numerous courts across Iran have repeatedly issued these sentences, the news of which were only reported sparingly and under a great deal of secrecy. And while many of these sentences were suspended for a couple of years, unfortunately, we have recently witnessed an increase in stoning sentences that were in fact carried out. Specifically, there is a woman in Evin prison by the name of Ashraf Kalhari, who is my client, and last week, she was sentenced to death by public stoning. They told her that her execution was to be carried out in 15 days after her sentencing.
http://savemalak.googlepages.com/ashraf
In Iran their crime was being a Christian Clergyman.
» ◊ Mehdi Dibaj
Occupation clergy
Execution extrajudicial-stabbing, July 5, 1994, Iran
» ◊ Haik Hovsepian-Mehr
Age 48
Occupation clergy
Execution unspecified extrajudicial execution, January 20, 1994, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Tatavous Michaelian
Age 69
Occupation clergy
Execution extrajudicial-shooting, July 2, 1994, Iran
» ◊ Mehdi Dibaj
Occupation clergy
Execution extrajudicial-stabbing, July 5, 1994, Iran
» ◊ Haik Hovsepian-Mehr
Age 48
Occupation clergy
Execution unspecified extrajudicial execution, January 20, 1994, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Tatavous Michaelian
Age 69
Occupation clergy
Execution extrajudicial-shooting, July 2, 1994, Iran
In Iran their crime was denying Islam.
Religious offence, apostasy
Additions to the Penal Code following the 1979 revolution criminalized as religious offenses a broad range of acts including drinking alcohol, homosexual relations, as well as non-violent political opposition to the Islamic Republic. Apostasy is one of such offenses. While the Code does not specifically deal with apostasy and the charge has not often been brought against defendants in courts, the jurisprudence of the Islamic Republic has elaborated on the offense and its relevant punishment. Published statements by religious and judicial authorities prescribe harsh punishment for the offense in particular when committed by those who were born in Muslim families and turned their back on Islam. In practice, a wide range of conduct including changing religion, being atheist or agnostic, promoting the separation of religion and state, or supporting Zionism have been understood as apostasy. Prison authorities treated political prisoners categorized as apostates as untouchables and scores of them, men in particular, were executed. Many women deemed guilty of the same crime were kept in prison for years, often facing the choice of praying several times a day or being flogged instead.
All 198 results shown
» Mihdi Amin Amin
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Maqsud 'Alizadih
Execution unspecified execution method, May 5, 1984, Tabriz, Iran
» Ghulam-Husayn A'zami
Execution unspecified execution method, May 6, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Muhammad Abbasi
Execution unspecified execution method, July 9, 1982, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Reza Abdizadeh
Execution unspecified execution method, March 19, 1980, Dezful, Iran
» ◊ Bahram Afnan
Age 50
Occupation health related professional
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Iradj Afshin
Execution unspecified execution method, November 1988, Tehran, Iran
» Dhiya'u'llah Ahrari
Execution unspecified execution method, November 21, 1982, Shiraz, Iran
» ◊ Ebrahim Akbari
Occupation security forces
Execution unspecified execution method, August 3, 1980, Ahvaz, Iran
» Muhammad Akbari
Execution unspecified execution method, July 16, 1980, Rasht, Iran
» Nuru'llah Akhtar-Khavari
Execution unspecified execution method, September 8, 1980, Yazd, Iran
» Ardishir Akhtari
Execution unspecified execution method, September 28, 1987, Tehran, Iran
» Buzurg Alaviyan
Execution unspecified execution method, June 23, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Nasru'llah Amini
Execution unspecified execution method, May 16, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Mihdi Anvari
Execution unspecified execution method, March 17, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Karim Aqayun (Yadegar)
Execution unspecified execution method, July 30, 1980, Dezful, Iran
» ◊ Husayn Asadu'llah-Zadeh
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Shiva Mahmudi Asadu'llah-Zadeh
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Abdu'l-'Ali Asadyari
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Farhad Asdaqi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, November 19, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Azizu'llah Ashjari
Execution unspecified execution method, November 19, 1985, Tabriz, Iran
» Jadidu'llah Ashraf
Execution unspecified execution method, July 9, 1982, Qazvin, Iran
» Yadu'llah Astani
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» Firuz Athari
Execution December 9, 1984, karaj, Iran
» Bahman Atifi
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Izzat Atifi
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Habibu'llah Awji
Execution unspecified execution method, November 16, 1982, Shiraz, Iran
» ◊ Abdu'l-Husayn Azadi
Age 66
Occupation health related professional
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» ◊ Lotfollah Azimi
Execution March 12, 1982, Ilam, Iran
» Habibu'llah Azizi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 29, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Iskandar Azizi
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Jalal Azizi
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Sa'du'llah Babazadeh
Execution unspecified execution method, May 16, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Ali Bagha'i
Occupation security forces
Execution June 14, 1979, Iran
» Akbar Baghban Basir
Execution shooting, July 15, 1979, Esfahan, Iran
» Mihdi Bahiri
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Ruhu'llah Bahramshahi
Execution unspecified execution method, February 25, 1985, Yazd, Iran
» Kamalu'd-Din Bakhtavar
Execution unspecified execution method, June 26, 1981, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Ali Asghar Barzegari
Occupation security forces
Execution unspecified execution method, July 25, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Parviz Bayani
Execution unspecified execution method, May 11, 1980, Piranshahr, Iran
» Farid Bihmardi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 10, 1986, Tehran, Iran
» Hasan Bilvandi
Execution unspecified execution method, September 16, 1980, Gonabad, Iran
» Masrur Dakhili
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Shahin (Shirin) Dalvand
Age 25
Occupation student
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Azizu'llah Dhabihiyan
Execution unspecified execution method, September 8, 1980, Yazd, Iran
» Hidayatu'llah Dihqani
Execution unspecified execution method, March 17, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Kamal Erfaniyan Edalati
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, May 11, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» Gulam-Husein Farhand
Execution unspecified execution method, December 9, 1984, karaj, Iran
» Masih Farhangi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 24, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Badi'ullah Farid
Execution unspecified execution method, June 24, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Hashim Farnush
Execution unspecified execution method, June 23, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Manuchihr Farzanih Mu'ayyad
Execution unspecified execution method, July 9, 1982, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Rahim Fekri
Execution shooting, July 14, 1980, Rasht, Iran
» Fathu'llah Firdawsi
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Naser Firuzi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Rida Firuzi
Execution unspecified execution method, November 9, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» Ishraqiyyih Furuhar
Execution unspecified execution method, May 8, 1982, karaj, Iran
» Mahmud Furuhar
Execution unspecified execution method, May 8, 1982, karaj, Iran
» Izzatu'llah Furuhi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Ashraf Ghafari
Execution hanging, February 14, 1983, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Nusrat Ghufrani Yalda'i
Execution unspecified execution method, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Azizu'llah Gulshani
Execution unspecified execution method, April 29, 1982, Mashad, Iran
» Muhammad (Suhrab) Habibi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 14, 1981, Hamedan, Iran
» ◊ Jalal Hakiman
Age 62
Occupation government Employee
Execution unspecified execution method, May 1, 1983, Tehran, Iran
» Jalal Hakimian
Age 62
Occupation government Employee
Execution unspecified execution method, May 1, 1983, Esfahan, Iran
» ◊ Kurush Haqbin
Age 34
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Badi'u'llah Haqpaykar
Execution unspecified execution method, May 8, 1982, karaj, Iran
» Kurush Haqqbin
Age 34
Occupation professional
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Ghulam-Husayn Hasanzadih-Shakiri
Execution unspecified execution method, March 10, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Ruhullah Hasuri
Execution unspecified execution method, January 21, 1985, Yazd, Iran
» Jahagir Hidayati
Execution unspecified execution method, May 15, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Suhayl Hushmand
Execution unspecified execution method, June 28, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Abbas Idilkhani
Execution unspecified execution method, August 1, 1985, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Mohammadreza Iravani
Execution shooting, July 28, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Inayatu'llah Ishraqi
Age 61
Occupation government Employee
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Roya Ishraqi
Age 23
Occupation student
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Hasan Isma'ilzadih
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1980, Sanandaj, Iran
» Qasem Ja'fari
Execution shooting, August 28, 1979, Tabriz Prison, Iran
» 'Izzat Janami -Ishraqi
Age 57
Occupation unspecified occupation
Execution unspecified execution method, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Jamal Kashani
Execution unspecified execution method, December 9, 1984, karaj, Iran
» Ihsanullah Kathiri
Execution unspecified execution method, June 27, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Ni'matu'llah Katibpur Shahidi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 26, 1981, Mashad, Iran
» Manuchihr Khadi'i
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Ali Khalajzadeh
Occupation professional
Execution shooting, July 3, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» Ibrahim Khayrkhah
Execution unspecified execution method, February 22, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Ihsanu'llah Khayyami
Execution unspecified execution method, April 12, 1982, Orumieh, Iran
» Sattar Khushkhu
Execution unspecified execution method, April 30, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Kazem Kuhkesh
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1980, Zanjan, Iran
» Kamran Lotfi
Execution unspecified execution method, April 9, 1984, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Muhammad-Husayn Ma'sumi
Execution unspecified execution method, November 23, 1980, Birjand, Iran
» Shikkar-Nisa Ma'sumi
Execution unspecified execution method, November 23, 1980, Birjand, Iran
» Yadu'llah Mahbubiyan
Execution unspecified execution method, July 30, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Muna Mahmudinizhad
Age 17
Occupation student
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Yadu'llah Mahmudnizhad
Execution unspecified execution method, March 12, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Mahmud Majdhub
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Muhammad Mansuri
Execution unspecified execution method, July 9, 1982, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Ali Maqami
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, July 21, 1980, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Mahmud Ali Marjani
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Farhang Mavaddat
Execution unspecified execution method, June 23, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Ihsanu'llah Mihdi-Zadih
Execution unspecified execution method, April 30, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Abdul Ali Mithaqi
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Mahmud Mo'ini
Occupation high ranking official, security forces
Execution shooting, April 12, 1979, Qom, Iran
» ◊ Mohsen Mofidi
Age 35
Execution unspecified execution method, misc-month-92 70, 2074, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Gholamreza Mohammadpur Behzad
Execution shooting, July 13, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» Akbar Moradi
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Safar Mozafarzadeh Qajari
Execution shooting, July 13, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» Ali-Akbar Mu'ini
Execution unspecified execution method, May 6, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Dhabih'llah Mu'mini
Execution unspecified execution method, August 15, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Khusraw Muhandisi
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Zarrin Muqimi-Abyanih
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Jalaliyyih Mushta il Usku'i
Execution unspecified execution method, May 10, 1982, Orumieh, Iran
» 'Ali Na'imiyan
Execution unspecified execution method, August 11, 1982, Orumieh, Iran
» Amir-Husayn Nadiri
Execution unspecified execution method, September 28, 1987, Tehran, Iran
» Yunis Nawruzi-Iranzad
Execution unspecified execution method, November 1, 1984, karaj, Iran
» Mahshid Nirumand
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Saifullah Noorbakhsr
Execution May 13, 1979, Esfahan, Iran
» Bihnam Pasha'i
Execution unspecified execution method, November 1988, Tehran, Iran
» Jalal Payravi
Execution unspecified execution method, May 5, 1984, Tabriz, Iran
» Firuz Purdel
Execution unspecified execution method, October 30, 1984, Mashad, Iran
» Yadu'llah Pustchi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 24, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Hasan Rahbar
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» Rahim Rahimian
Execution unspecified execution method, April 9, 1984, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Azizollah Rahmani
Occupation high ranking official, security forces
Execution shooting, April 9, 1979, Gachsaran Cemetery, Iran
» ◊ Fereidoun Raissi
Execution July 7, 1981, Behshahr, Iran
» ◊ Morteza Rashidy
Execution shooting, June 22, 1982, Ilam, Iran
» Husayn Rastigar-Namdar
Execution unspecified execution method, August 5, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Ata'u'llah Rawhani
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Qudratu'llah Rawhani
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Ruhu'llah Rawhani
Execution unspecified execution method, July 21, 1998, Esfahan, Iran
» Sirus Rawshani
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Shahram Reza'i
Execution unspecified execution method, July 7, 1997, Rasht, Iran
» Ahmad Ridvani
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Manuchihr Ruhi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1984, Bojnurd, Iran
» Simin Sabiri
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Sabiriyan
Execution unspecified execution method, April 9, 1984, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Ahmad 'Ali Sadeqian
Execution unspecified execution method, July 17, 1982, Shiraz, Iran
» Abbas-Ali Sadiqipur
Execution unspecified execution method, July 15, 1982, Shiraz, Iran
» ◊ Suhayl Safa'i
Age 35
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, May 1, 1983, Iran
» Bahman Samandari
Execution unspecified execution method, March 18, 1992, Tehran, Iran
» Kamran Samimi
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Bihruz Sana'i
Execution unspecified execution method, December 1, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Hafez Sarnevesht
Occupation high ranking official, security forces
Execution shooting, June 5, 1979, Rafsanjan, Iran
» Fidrus Shabrukh
Execution unspecified execution method, May 9, 1986, Zahedan, Iran
» Manuchehr Shafi'i
Execution shooting, July 13, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» Yadu'llah Sipihr-Arfa'
Execution unspecified execution method, October 23, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Hidayatu'llah Siyavushi
Execution unspecified execution method, January 1, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Nusratu'llah Subhani
Execution unspecified execution method, March 5, 1985, Tehran, Iran
» Yusif Subhani
Execution unspecified execution method, June 27, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Hosein Taheri
Execution shooting, July 13, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» ◊ Mas'ud Taheri
Execution September 29, 1981, Khomein, Iran
» Habibu'llah Tahqiqi
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Kurush Tala'i
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Seyyed Hosein Taleqani
Execution unspecified execution method, March 19, 1980, Dezful, Iran
» Akhtar Thabit
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Gushtasb Thabit-Rasikh
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Varqa Tibyaniyan (Tibyani)
Execution unspecified execution method, June 24, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Agahu'llah Tizfahm
Execution unspecified execution method, May 10, 1982, Orumieh, Iran
» Rahmatu'llah Vafa'i
Execution unspecified execution method, March 12, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Nusratullah Vahdat
Execution unspecified execution method, June 17, 1984, Mashad, Iran
» Yadu'llah Vahdat
Execution unspecified execution method, April 30, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Sirru'llah Vahdat-Nizami
Execution unspecified execution method, May 4, 1986, Tehran, Iran
» Husayn Vahdat-i-Haq
Execution unspecified execution method, February 28, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Bahar Vujdani
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, September 28, 1979, Mahabad, Iran
» Rahmatu'llah Vujdani
Execution unspecified execution method, August 31, 1985, Bandar-e Abbas, Iran
» ◊ Bahram Yalda'i
Age 28
Occupation student
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Ata'u'llah Yavari
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Badi'u'llah Yazdani
Execution unspecified execution method, May 6, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Yaqub Yazdani
Occupation professional
Execution July 7, 1981, Behshahr, Iran
» Tuba Za'irpur
Execution unspecified execution method, March 12, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Ali-Muhammad Zamani
Execution unspecified execution method, May 15, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Mozaffar Zargham
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, June 17, 1979, Kermanshah, Iran
» Gholamreza Zarghami
Execution shooting, September 30, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» Adadu'llah (Aziz) Zaydi
Execution unspecified execution method, April 1, 1983, Miandoab, Iran
» Qasem Zhianpanah (Iranpanah)
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, March 8, 1979, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Isma'il Zihtab
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Iraj Zulfiqari
Occupation security forces
Execution July 24, 1979, Amol, Iran
» ◊ Shidrukh َAmir Kiya' Baqa
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Akbar
Age 44
Execution stoning, November 16, 1994, Jouibar Road, Iran
» Ghahreman
Age 30
Execution stoning, November 16, 1994, Jouibar Road, Iran
» ◊ Rasul
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» Un-named person
Occupation unspecified occupation
Execution shooting, July 8, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
Religious offence, apostasy
Additions to the Penal Code following the 1979 revolution criminalized as religious offenses a broad range of acts including drinking alcohol, homosexual relations, as well as non-violent political opposition to the Islamic Republic. Apostasy is one of such offenses. While the Code does not specifically deal with apostasy and the charge has not often been brought against defendants in courts, the jurisprudence of the Islamic Republic has elaborated on the offense and its relevant punishment. Published statements by religious and judicial authorities prescribe harsh punishment for the offense in particular when committed by those who were born in Muslim families and turned their back on Islam. In practice, a wide range of conduct including changing religion, being atheist or agnostic, promoting the separation of religion and state, or supporting Zionism have been understood as apostasy. Prison authorities treated political prisoners categorized as apostates as untouchables and scores of them, men in particular, were executed. Many women deemed guilty of the same crime were kept in prison for years, often facing the choice of praying several times a day or being flogged instead.
All 198 results shown
» Mihdi Amin Amin
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Maqsud 'Alizadih
Execution unspecified execution method, May 5, 1984, Tabriz, Iran
» Ghulam-Husayn A'zami
Execution unspecified execution method, May 6, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Muhammad Abbasi
Execution unspecified execution method, July 9, 1982, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Reza Abdizadeh
Execution unspecified execution method, March 19, 1980, Dezful, Iran
» ◊ Bahram Afnan
Age 50
Occupation health related professional
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Iradj Afshin
Execution unspecified execution method, November 1988, Tehran, Iran
» Dhiya'u'llah Ahrari
Execution unspecified execution method, November 21, 1982, Shiraz, Iran
» ◊ Ebrahim Akbari
Occupation security forces
Execution unspecified execution method, August 3, 1980, Ahvaz, Iran
» Muhammad Akbari
Execution unspecified execution method, July 16, 1980, Rasht, Iran
» Nuru'llah Akhtar-Khavari
Execution unspecified execution method, September 8, 1980, Yazd, Iran
» Ardishir Akhtari
Execution unspecified execution method, September 28, 1987, Tehran, Iran
» Buzurg Alaviyan
Execution unspecified execution method, June 23, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Nasru'llah Amini
Execution unspecified execution method, May 16, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Mihdi Anvari
Execution unspecified execution method, March 17, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Karim Aqayun (Yadegar)
Execution unspecified execution method, July 30, 1980, Dezful, Iran
» ◊ Husayn Asadu'llah-Zadeh
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Shiva Mahmudi Asadu'llah-Zadeh
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Abdu'l-'Ali Asadyari
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Farhad Asdaqi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, November 19, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Azizu'llah Ashjari
Execution unspecified execution method, November 19, 1985, Tabriz, Iran
» Jadidu'llah Ashraf
Execution unspecified execution method, July 9, 1982, Qazvin, Iran
» Yadu'llah Astani
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» Firuz Athari
Execution December 9, 1984, karaj, Iran
» Bahman Atifi
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Izzat Atifi
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Habibu'llah Awji
Execution unspecified execution method, November 16, 1982, Shiraz, Iran
» ◊ Abdu'l-Husayn Azadi
Age 66
Occupation health related professional
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» ◊ Lotfollah Azimi
Execution March 12, 1982, Ilam, Iran
» Habibu'llah Azizi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 29, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Iskandar Azizi
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Jalal Azizi
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Sa'du'llah Babazadeh
Execution unspecified execution method, May 16, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Ali Bagha'i
Occupation security forces
Execution June 14, 1979, Iran
» Akbar Baghban Basir
Execution shooting, July 15, 1979, Esfahan, Iran
» Mihdi Bahiri
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Ruhu'llah Bahramshahi
Execution unspecified execution method, February 25, 1985, Yazd, Iran
» Kamalu'd-Din Bakhtavar
Execution unspecified execution method, June 26, 1981, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Ali Asghar Barzegari
Occupation security forces
Execution unspecified execution method, July 25, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Parviz Bayani
Execution unspecified execution method, May 11, 1980, Piranshahr, Iran
» Farid Bihmardi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 10, 1986, Tehran, Iran
» Hasan Bilvandi
Execution unspecified execution method, September 16, 1980, Gonabad, Iran
» Masrur Dakhili
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Shahin (Shirin) Dalvand
Age 25
Occupation student
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Azizu'llah Dhabihiyan
Execution unspecified execution method, September 8, 1980, Yazd, Iran
» Hidayatu'llah Dihqani
Execution unspecified execution method, March 17, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Kamal Erfaniyan Edalati
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, May 11, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» Gulam-Husein Farhand
Execution unspecified execution method, December 9, 1984, karaj, Iran
» Masih Farhangi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 24, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Badi'ullah Farid
Execution unspecified execution method, June 24, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Hashim Farnush
Execution unspecified execution method, June 23, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Manuchihr Farzanih Mu'ayyad
Execution unspecified execution method, July 9, 1982, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Rahim Fekri
Execution shooting, July 14, 1980, Rasht, Iran
» Fathu'llah Firdawsi
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Naser Firuzi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Rida Firuzi
Execution unspecified execution method, November 9, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» Ishraqiyyih Furuhar
Execution unspecified execution method, May 8, 1982, karaj, Iran
» Mahmud Furuhar
Execution unspecified execution method, May 8, 1982, karaj, Iran
» Izzatu'llah Furuhi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Ashraf Ghafari
Execution hanging, February 14, 1983, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Nusrat Ghufrani Yalda'i
Execution unspecified execution method, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Azizu'llah Gulshani
Execution unspecified execution method, April 29, 1982, Mashad, Iran
» Muhammad (Suhrab) Habibi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 14, 1981, Hamedan, Iran
» ◊ Jalal Hakiman
Age 62
Occupation government Employee
Execution unspecified execution method, May 1, 1983, Tehran, Iran
» Jalal Hakimian
Age 62
Occupation government Employee
Execution unspecified execution method, May 1, 1983, Esfahan, Iran
» ◊ Kurush Haqbin
Age 34
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Badi'u'llah Haqpaykar
Execution unspecified execution method, May 8, 1982, karaj, Iran
» Kurush Haqqbin
Age 34
Occupation professional
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Ghulam-Husayn Hasanzadih-Shakiri
Execution unspecified execution method, March 10, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Ruhullah Hasuri
Execution unspecified execution method, January 21, 1985, Yazd, Iran
» Jahagir Hidayati
Execution unspecified execution method, May 15, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Suhayl Hushmand
Execution unspecified execution method, June 28, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Abbas Idilkhani
Execution unspecified execution method, August 1, 1985, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Mohammadreza Iravani
Execution shooting, July 28, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Inayatu'llah Ishraqi
Age 61
Occupation government Employee
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Roya Ishraqi
Age 23
Occupation student
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Hasan Isma'ilzadih
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1980, Sanandaj, Iran
» Qasem Ja'fari
Execution shooting, August 28, 1979, Tabriz Prison, Iran
» 'Izzat Janami -Ishraqi
Age 57
Occupation unspecified occupation
Execution unspecified execution method, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Jamal Kashani
Execution unspecified execution method, December 9, 1984, karaj, Iran
» Ihsanullah Kathiri
Execution unspecified execution method, June 27, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Ni'matu'llah Katibpur Shahidi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 26, 1981, Mashad, Iran
» Manuchihr Khadi'i
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Ali Khalajzadeh
Occupation professional
Execution shooting, July 3, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» Ibrahim Khayrkhah
Execution unspecified execution method, February 22, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Ihsanu'llah Khayyami
Execution unspecified execution method, April 12, 1982, Orumieh, Iran
» Sattar Khushkhu
Execution unspecified execution method, April 30, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Kazem Kuhkesh
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1980, Zanjan, Iran
» Kamran Lotfi
Execution unspecified execution method, April 9, 1984, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Muhammad-Husayn Ma'sumi
Execution unspecified execution method, November 23, 1980, Birjand, Iran
» Shikkar-Nisa Ma'sumi
Execution unspecified execution method, November 23, 1980, Birjand, Iran
» Yadu'llah Mahbubiyan
Execution unspecified execution method, July 30, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Muna Mahmudinizhad
Age 17
Occupation student
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Yadu'llah Mahmudnizhad
Execution unspecified execution method, March 12, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Mahmud Majdhub
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Muhammad Mansuri
Execution unspecified execution method, July 9, 1982, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Ali Maqami
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, July 21, 1980, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Mahmud Ali Marjani
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Farhang Mavaddat
Execution unspecified execution method, June 23, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Ihsanu'llah Mihdi-Zadih
Execution unspecified execution method, April 30, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Abdul Ali Mithaqi
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Mahmud Mo'ini
Occupation high ranking official, security forces
Execution shooting, April 12, 1979, Qom, Iran
» ◊ Mohsen Mofidi
Age 35
Execution unspecified execution method, misc-month-92 70, 2074, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Gholamreza Mohammadpur Behzad
Execution shooting, July 13, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» Akbar Moradi
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Safar Mozafarzadeh Qajari
Execution shooting, July 13, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» Ali-Akbar Mu'ini
Execution unspecified execution method, May 6, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Dhabih'llah Mu'mini
Execution unspecified execution method, August 15, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Khusraw Muhandisi
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Zarrin Muqimi-Abyanih
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Jalaliyyih Mushta il Usku'i
Execution unspecified execution method, May 10, 1982, Orumieh, Iran
» 'Ali Na'imiyan
Execution unspecified execution method, August 11, 1982, Orumieh, Iran
» Amir-Husayn Nadiri
Execution unspecified execution method, September 28, 1987, Tehran, Iran
» Yunis Nawruzi-Iranzad
Execution unspecified execution method, November 1, 1984, karaj, Iran
» Mahshid Nirumand
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Saifullah Noorbakhsr
Execution May 13, 1979, Esfahan, Iran
» Bihnam Pasha'i
Execution unspecified execution method, November 1988, Tehran, Iran
» Jalal Payravi
Execution unspecified execution method, May 5, 1984, Tabriz, Iran
» Firuz Purdel
Execution unspecified execution method, October 30, 1984, Mashad, Iran
» Yadu'llah Pustchi
Execution unspecified execution method, June 24, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Hasan Rahbar
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» Rahim Rahimian
Execution unspecified execution method, April 9, 1984, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Azizollah Rahmani
Occupation high ranking official, security forces
Execution shooting, April 9, 1979, Gachsaran Cemetery, Iran
» ◊ Fereidoun Raissi
Execution July 7, 1981, Behshahr, Iran
» ◊ Morteza Rashidy
Execution shooting, June 22, 1982, Ilam, Iran
» Husayn Rastigar-Namdar
Execution unspecified execution method, August 5, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Ata'u'llah Rawhani
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Qudratu'llah Rawhani
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Ruhu'llah Rawhani
Execution unspecified execution method, July 21, 1998, Esfahan, Iran
» Sirus Rawshani
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Shahram Reza'i
Execution unspecified execution method, July 7, 1997, Rasht, Iran
» Ahmad Ridvani
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Manuchihr Ruhi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1984, Bojnurd, Iran
» Simin Sabiri
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Sabiriyan
Execution unspecified execution method, April 9, 1984, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Ahmad 'Ali Sadeqian
Execution unspecified execution method, July 17, 1982, Shiraz, Iran
» Abbas-Ali Sadiqipur
Execution unspecified execution method, July 15, 1982, Shiraz, Iran
» ◊ Suhayl Safa'i
Age 35
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, May 1, 1983, Iran
» Bahman Samandari
Execution unspecified execution method, March 18, 1992, Tehran, Iran
» Kamran Samimi
Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Bihruz Sana'i
Execution unspecified execution method, December 1, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Hafez Sarnevesht
Occupation high ranking official, security forces
Execution shooting, June 5, 1979, Rafsanjan, Iran
» Fidrus Shabrukh
Execution unspecified execution method, May 9, 1986, Zahedan, Iran
» Manuchehr Shafi'i
Execution shooting, July 13, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» Yadu'llah Sipihr-Arfa'
Execution unspecified execution method, October 23, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Hidayatu'llah Siyavushi
Execution unspecified execution method, January 1, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Nusratu'llah Subhani
Execution unspecified execution method, March 5, 1985, Tehran, Iran
» Yusif Subhani
Execution unspecified execution method, June 27, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Hosein Taheri
Execution shooting, July 13, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» ◊ Mas'ud Taheri
Execution September 29, 1981, Khomein, Iran
» Habibu'llah Tahqiqi
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Kurush Tala'i
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Seyyed Hosein Taleqani
Execution unspecified execution method, March 19, 1980, Dezful, Iran
» Akhtar Thabit
Execution hanging, June 18, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Gushtasb Thabit-Rasikh
Execution unspecified execution method, September 11, 1981, Esfahan, Iran
» Varqa Tibyaniyan (Tibyani)
Execution unspecified execution method, June 24, 1981, Tehran, Iran
» Agahu'llah Tizfahm
Execution unspecified execution method, May 10, 1982, Orumieh, Iran
» Rahmatu'llah Vafa'i
Execution unspecified execution method, March 12, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Nusratullah Vahdat
Execution unspecified execution method, June 17, 1984, Mashad, Iran
» Yadu'llah Vahdat
Execution unspecified execution method, April 30, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Sirru'llah Vahdat-Nizami
Execution unspecified execution method, May 4, 1986, Tehran, Iran
» Husayn Vahdat-i-Haq
Execution unspecified execution method, February 28, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Bahar Vujdani
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, September 28, 1979, Mahabad, Iran
» Rahmatu'llah Vujdani
Execution unspecified execution method, August 31, 1985, Bandar-e Abbas, Iran
» ◊ Bahram Yalda'i
Age 28
Occupation student
Execution hanging, June 16, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Ata'u'llah Yavari
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Badi'u'llah Yazdani
Execution unspecified execution method, May 6, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Yaqub Yazdani
Occupation professional
Execution July 7, 1981, Behshahr, Iran
» Tuba Za'irpur
Execution unspecified execution method, March 12, 1983, Shiraz, Iran
» Ali-Muhammad Zamani
Execution unspecified execution method, May 15, 1984, Tehran, Iran
» Mozaffar Zargham
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, June 17, 1979, Kermanshah, Iran
» Gholamreza Zarghami
Execution shooting, September 30, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» Adadu'llah (Aziz) Zaydi
Execution unspecified execution method, April 1, 1983, Miandoab, Iran
» Qasem Zhianpanah (Iranpanah)
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, March 8, 1979, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Isma'il Zihtab
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1981, Tabriz, Iran
» Iraj Zulfiqari
Occupation security forces
Execution July 24, 1979, Amol, Iran
» ◊ Shidrukh َAmir Kiya' Baqa
Execution unspecified execution method, January 4, 1982, Tehran, Iran
» Akbar
Age 44
Execution stoning, November 16, 1994, Jouibar Road, Iran
» Ghahreman
Age 30
Execution stoning, November 16, 1994, Jouibar Road, Iran
» ◊ Rasul
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» Un-named person
Occupation unspecified occupation
Execution shooting, July 8, 1981, Shiraz, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution hanging, December 2, 1993, Qom, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution unspecified execution method, June 1996, Hamedan, Iran
In Iran their crime was being deemed immoral.
All 88 results shown
» ◊ Hossein Talkhabi
Age 26
Execution hanging, November 12, 2001, Qom, Iran
» Alieh (Zarb-)Alian
Execution shooting, September 10, 1979, Shahsavar, Iran
» Iran ?
Execution stoning, December 3, 1994, Bagh e Behesht Cemetery, Iran
» ◊ Qodrat Afshar
Execution hanging, April 23, 1985, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Hojatollah Amirfathi
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, April 15, 1979, Ardabil, Iran
» Ali Bagha'i
Occupation security forces
Execution June 14, 1979, Iran
» Mansur Baqerian
Occupation writer and/or journalist
Execution shooting, July 12, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Abbas Baradaran (Ranjbar)
Execution unspecified execution method, August 19, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Ahmad Bashardust
Execution shooting, March 11, 1979, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Namju Berenji
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Jebreil Charbideh
Execution shooting, March 7, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Hosein Dad Mohammadi
Execution shooting, July 8, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Abolfazl Dehqan
Age 19
Execution hanging, November 12, 2001, Qom, Iran
» Jasem Ebrahimi
Age 17
Execution unspecified execution method, January 14, 2000, Konaveh, Iran
» ◊ Mostafa Firoozi
Execution hanging, June 8, 1996, Ferdowsi Square, Iran
» Nader Ghanbari
Execution unspecified execution method, April 5, 1990, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Mohammad Ghiyasi
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1980, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, Iran
» Mohammad Gholami
Execution shooting, June 25, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Alireza Hamed
Execution unspecified execution method, July 25, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Qasem Ja'fari
Age 44
Occupation professional
Execution shooting, July 21, 1980, Shahr-e Rey, Iran
» Shahryar Jamalpur
Occupation unspecified occupation
Execution shooting, July 19, 1979, Khoy, Iran
» ◊ Ali Jamshid Dolatshahi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Mohammad Javadzadeh
Execution shooting, July 8, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Abbas Jokar
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, August 14, 1980, Qom, Iran
» Ramazanali Kermani
Execution August 9, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» Hosein-Ali Khademi
Execution unspecified execution method, April 5, 1990, Tehran, Iran
» Hossein Ali (Afshin) Khalighin
Occupation security forces
Execution August 9, 1979, Tabriz, Iran
» Hosein Khalili
Execution shooting, June 25, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Saleh Khavandi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Edris Kuhi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Aziz Madadnejad
Execution June 7, 1979, Tabriz, Iran
» Hassan Mahanad
Execution July 22, 1979, Iran
» ◊ Mahmud Ali Marjani
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Seyed Mohammad Mirqanbarian
Age 25
Execution hanging, August 1, 1982, Babol, Iran
» ◊ Rajabali Mohammad Salehi
Execution shooting, February 6, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Abbas Mohammad-Hoseini
Execution unspecified execution method, April 5, 1990, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Hasan Mohammadi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Moharram
Age 32
Execution stoning, November 16, 1994, Jouibar Road, Iran
» ◊ Mehdi Mohseni
Execution unspecified execution method, June 18, 1980, Hamedan, Iran
» Akbar Moradi
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Bahman Naqavi
Occupation government Employee
Execution unspecified execution method, February 15, 1980, Meshkin Shahr, Iran
» ◊ Fereshteh Nargesi
Execution shooting, August 9, 1980, Hamedan, Iran
» Ahmad Narimani
Execution shooting, December 21, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Khosro Nazmi
Execution hanging, April 23, 1985, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Asghar Nurani
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Ramezan Ojrati
Execution unspecified execution method, August 19, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Asad Postdar (Kharat)
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1980, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, Iran
» Mohammad Proozi
Execution hanging, June 8, 1996, Ferdowsi Square, Iran
» Amrullah Purhabib
Execution January 1982, Babol, Iran
» Gholam Ali Qiuch
Execution July 23, 1979, Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran
» Khan Mohammad Mokhtar Tabbar Qorbani
Execution May 25, 1979, Shahsavar, Iran
» ◊ Hasan Rahbar
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Mehdi Rahmati
Age 36
Execution unspecified execution method, July 8, 1980, Esfahan, Iran
» Mohammad Rezaie
Execution stoning, December 3, 1994, Bagh e Behesht Cemetery, Iran
» ◊ Reza Salehi
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Hasan Sangaki
Execution shooting, June 25, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Aziz Seifi
Execution shooting, March 17, 1980, Qasr-e Shirin, Iran
» Gholam Reza Shah-Mohamadi
Execution July 22, 1979, Iran
» ◊ Qasem Sheikh Rezaee
Execution hanging, April 23, 1985, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Alireza Shekari Afshar
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Ali Asghar Siahoushi
Execution August 7, 1979, Orumieh, Iran
» ◊ Yusef Soleimani
Execution unspecified execution method, July 1, 1980, Ardabil, Iran
» ◊ Roqayeh Susanqori
Execution unspecified execution method, July 11, 1980, Sabzevar, Iran
» Sudabeh Tabbakhi
Execution shooting, August 28, 1979, Tabriz Prison, Iran
» Hasan Tajoddini
Occupation high ranking official, security forces
Execution shooting, August 22, 1979, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Reza Talebi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, September 1, 1979, Najaf Abad, Iran
» ◊ Seyyed Hosein Taleqani
Execution unspecified execution method, March 19, 1980, Dezful, Iran
» Khalil Qasem Zahed Tehrani
Execution hanging, June 8, 1996, Ferdowsi Square, Iran
» Gholamreza Zarghami
Execution shooting, September 30, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» Un-named person
Age 60
Execution August 10, 1979, Saveh, Iran
» ◊ Esmail
Execution unspecified execution method, July 25, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Horei
Execution stoning, December 3, 1994, Bagh e Behesht Cemetery, Iran
» ◊ Rasul
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Soltan
Execution unspecified execution method, July 25, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution June 25, 1979, Sari, Iran
» Un-named person
Occupation health related professional
Execution July 16, 1979, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Un-named person
Execution hanging, October 22, 2003, Vakilabad Prison, Mashad, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution April 15, 1982, Iran
» Un-named person
Age 17
Execution hanging, May 16, 1994, Mashad, Iran
All 88 results shown
» ◊ Hossein Talkhabi
Age 26
Execution hanging, November 12, 2001, Qom, Iran
» Alieh (Zarb-)Alian
Execution shooting, September 10, 1979, Shahsavar, Iran
» Iran ?
Execution stoning, December 3, 1994, Bagh e Behesht Cemetery, Iran
» ◊ Qodrat Afshar
Execution hanging, April 23, 1985, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» Hojatollah Amirfathi
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, April 15, 1979, Ardabil, Iran
» Ali Bagha'i
Occupation security forces
Execution June 14, 1979, Iran
» Mansur Baqerian
Occupation writer and/or journalist
Execution shooting, July 12, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Abbas Baradaran (Ranjbar)
Execution unspecified execution method, August 19, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Ahmad Bashardust
Execution shooting, March 11, 1979, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Namju Berenji
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Jebreil Charbideh
Execution shooting, March 7, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Hosein Dad Mohammadi
Execution shooting, July 8, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Abolfazl Dehqan
Age 19
Execution hanging, November 12, 2001, Qom, Iran
» Jasem Ebrahimi
Age 17
Execution unspecified execution method, January 14, 2000, Konaveh, Iran
» ◊ Mostafa Firoozi
Execution hanging, June 8, 1996, Ferdowsi Square, Iran
» Nader Ghanbari
Execution unspecified execution method, April 5, 1990, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Mohammad Ghiyasi
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1980, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, Iran
» Mohammad Gholami
Execution shooting, June 25, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Alireza Hamed
Execution unspecified execution method, July 25, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Qasem Ja'fari
Age 44
Occupation professional
Execution shooting, July 21, 1980, Shahr-e Rey, Iran
» Shahryar Jamalpur
Occupation unspecified occupation
Execution shooting, July 19, 1979, Khoy, Iran
» ◊ Ali Jamshid Dolatshahi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Mohammad Javadzadeh
Execution shooting, July 8, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Abbas Jokar
Occupation security forces
Execution shooting, August 14, 1980, Qom, Iran
» Ramazanali Kermani
Execution August 9, 1979, Tehran, Iran
» Hosein-Ali Khademi
Execution unspecified execution method, April 5, 1990, Tehran, Iran
» Hossein Ali (Afshin) Khalighin
Occupation security forces
Execution August 9, 1979, Tabriz, Iran
» Hosein Khalili
Execution shooting, June 25, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Saleh Khavandi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Edris Kuhi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Aziz Madadnejad
Execution June 7, 1979, Tabriz, Iran
» Hassan Mahanad
Execution July 22, 1979, Iran
» ◊ Mahmud Ali Marjani
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Seyed Mohammad Mirqanbarian
Age 25
Execution hanging, August 1, 1982, Babol, Iran
» ◊ Rajabali Mohammad Salehi
Execution shooting, February 6, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Abbas Mohammad-Hoseini
Execution unspecified execution method, April 5, 1990, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Hasan Mohammadi
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Moharram
Age 32
Execution stoning, November 16, 1994, Jouibar Road, Iran
» ◊ Mehdi Mohseni
Execution unspecified execution method, June 18, 1980, Hamedan, Iran
» Akbar Moradi
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Bahman Naqavi
Occupation government Employee
Execution unspecified execution method, February 15, 1980, Meshkin Shahr, Iran
» ◊ Fereshteh Nargesi
Execution shooting, August 9, 1980, Hamedan, Iran
» Ahmad Narimani
Execution shooting, December 21, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Khosro Nazmi
Execution hanging, April 23, 1985, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Asghar Nurani
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Ramezan Ojrati
Execution unspecified execution method, August 19, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Asad Postdar (Kharat)
Execution unspecified execution method, July 29, 1980, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab, Iran
» Mohammad Proozi
Execution hanging, June 8, 1996, Ferdowsi Square, Iran
» Amrullah Purhabib
Execution January 1982, Babol, Iran
» Gholam Ali Qiuch
Execution July 23, 1979, Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran
» Khan Mohammad Mokhtar Tabbar Qorbani
Execution May 25, 1979, Shahsavar, Iran
» ◊ Hasan Rahbar
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Mehdi Rahmati
Age 36
Execution unspecified execution method, July 8, 1980, Esfahan, Iran
» Mohammad Rezaie
Execution stoning, December 3, 1994, Bagh e Behesht Cemetery, Iran
» ◊ Reza Salehi
Execution shooting, June 4, 1980, Tehran, Iran
» Hasan Sangaki
Execution shooting, June 25, 1979, Mashad, Iran
» ◊ Aziz Seifi
Execution shooting, March 17, 1980, Qasr-e Shirin, Iran
» Gholam Reza Shah-Mohamadi
Execution July 22, 1979, Iran
» ◊ Qasem Sheikh Rezaee
Execution hanging, April 23, 1985, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran
» ◊ Alireza Shekari Afshar
Execution unspecified execution method, August 16, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Ali Asghar Siahoushi
Execution August 7, 1979, Orumieh, Iran
» ◊ Yusef Soleimani
Execution unspecified execution method, July 1, 1980, Ardabil, Iran
» ◊ Roqayeh Susanqori
Execution unspecified execution method, July 11, 1980, Sabzevar, Iran
» Sudabeh Tabbakhi
Execution shooting, August 28, 1979, Tabriz Prison, Iran
» Hasan Tajoddini
Occupation high ranking official, security forces
Execution shooting, August 22, 1979, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Reza Talebi
Occupation professional
Execution unspecified execution method, September 1, 1979, Najaf Abad, Iran
» ◊ Seyyed Hosein Taleqani
Execution unspecified execution method, March 19, 1980, Dezful, Iran
» Khalil Qasem Zahed Tehrani
Execution hanging, June 8, 1996, Ferdowsi Square, Iran
» Gholamreza Zarghami
Execution shooting, September 30, 1979, Ahvaz, Iran
» Un-named person
Age 60
Execution August 10, 1979, Saveh, Iran
» ◊ Esmail
Execution unspecified execution method, July 25, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Horei
Execution stoning, December 3, 1994, Bagh e Behesht Cemetery, Iran
» ◊ Rasul
Execution unspecified execution method, July 14, 1980, Tabriz, Iran
» ◊ Soltan
Execution unspecified execution method, July 25, 1980, Mashad, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution June 25, 1979, Sari, Iran
» Un-named person
Occupation health related professional
Execution July 16, 1979, Qazvin, Iran
» ◊ Un-named person
Execution hanging, October 22, 2003, Vakilabad Prison, Mashad, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution shooting, June 20, 1980, Kerman, Iran
» Un-named person
Execution April 15, 1982, Iran
» Un-named person
Age 17
Execution hanging, May 16, 1994, Mashad, Iran
One person's story
Mr. Gholamhassan Golzar
About
Age 28
Nationality Iran
Religion Presumed Muslim
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation government Employee
Rank/Position ِDischarged employee of Hamedan municipality
Institution executive
Case
Date of execution February 14, 1990
Location Hamedan, Iran
Mode of execution beheading
Charges Murder; Robbery
About this Case
The execution of Mr. Gholamhassan Golzar was mentioned by the Special representative of the United Nation's Commission on Human Rights, Professor Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, in his report on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. A/45/697, 6 November 1990. This execution was also reported by the daily Kayhan on 15 February 1990.
The validity of the criminal charges brought against this defendant cannot be ascertained in the absence of the basic guarantees of a fair trial. International human rights organizations have drawn attention to reports indicating that the Islamic Republic’s authorities have brought trumped up charges against their political opponents and executed them for drug trafficking, sexual, and other criminal offences. Each year, Iranian authorities sentence to death hundreds of alleged common criminals, following judicial processes that fail to meet international standards. The exact number of people convicted based on trumped-up charges is unknown.
Arrest and detention
According to Kayhan's report the defendant was arrested on February 12th, 1990. He was executed on February 15th. His arrest and detention lasted three days.
Trial
The UN report indicates that on February 14th, 1990, a judicial panel was sent to Hamadan on behalf of the Head of the Judiciary to deal with this case. The trial lasted one day.
Charges
The defendant was charged with bank robbery and murder.
Evidence of guilt
According to Kayhan, part of the money, robbed from the Bank, was found in the defendant's residence.
Defense
No information is available on Mr. Golzar's defense. The defendant was not allowed to appeal the sentence.
Judgment
On February 14th, 1990, the judicial panel representing the Head of the Judiciary issued the following sentence : " Mr. Gholamhassan Golzar, discharged employee of the Hamadan municipality, 74 lashes for committing robbery ; 74 lashes for participation in a forbidden act ,the infliction of three injuries, and decapitation by the just sword of the Imam Ali." The sentence was confirmed by the Head of the Judiciary. In the morning of February 15th, the defendant received 148 lashes first, received three injuries and then he was beheaded in a public square.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-10986.php
Mr. Gholamhassan Golzar
About
Age 28
Nationality Iran
Religion Presumed Muslim
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation government Employee
Rank/Position ِDischarged employee of Hamedan municipality
Institution executive
Case
Date of execution February 14, 1990
Location Hamedan, Iran
Mode of execution beheading
Charges Murder; Robbery
About this Case
The execution of Mr. Gholamhassan Golzar was mentioned by the Special representative of the United Nation's Commission on Human Rights, Professor Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, in his report on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. A/45/697, 6 November 1990. This execution was also reported by the daily Kayhan on 15 February 1990.
The validity of the criminal charges brought against this defendant cannot be ascertained in the absence of the basic guarantees of a fair trial. International human rights organizations have drawn attention to reports indicating that the Islamic Republic’s authorities have brought trumped up charges against their political opponents and executed them for drug trafficking, sexual, and other criminal offences. Each year, Iranian authorities sentence to death hundreds of alleged common criminals, following judicial processes that fail to meet international standards. The exact number of people convicted based on trumped-up charges is unknown.
Arrest and detention
According to Kayhan's report the defendant was arrested on February 12th, 1990. He was executed on February 15th. His arrest and detention lasted three days.
Trial
The UN report indicates that on February 14th, 1990, a judicial panel was sent to Hamadan on behalf of the Head of the Judiciary to deal with this case. The trial lasted one day.
Charges
The defendant was charged with bank robbery and murder.
Evidence of guilt
According to Kayhan, part of the money, robbed from the Bank, was found in the defendant's residence.
Defense
No information is available on Mr. Golzar's defense. The defendant was not allowed to appeal the sentence.
Judgment
On February 14th, 1990, the judicial panel representing the Head of the Judiciary issued the following sentence : " Mr. Gholamhassan Golzar, discharged employee of the Hamadan municipality, 74 lashes for committing robbery ; 74 lashes for participation in a forbidden act ,the infliction of three injuries, and decapitation by the just sword of the Imam Ali." The sentence was confirmed by the Head of the Judiciary. In the morning of February 15th, the defendant received 148 lashes first, received three injuries and then he was beheaded in a public square.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-10986.php
One person's story
Ms. Maryam Ayubi
About
Age 31
Nationality Iran
Religion Presumed Muslim
Civil status Married
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution —
Case
Date of execution July 11, 2001
Location Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran
Mode of execution stoning
Charges Adultery; Unspecified offense
About this Case
Mrs. Maryan Ayubi was convicted of adultery and stoned to death. The news of her death by stoning was reported in an Amnesty International urgent action dated July 11, 2001. “Amnesty International is outraged to learn that Maryam Ayoubi was stoned to death in Evin prison this morning. This is the second stoning to have taken place in Iran in the past two months.”
Mrs. Ayubi's case was the subject of previous Amnesty Internation urgent actions dated January 16 and 18, 2001.
Amnesty also quoted a January 18 article in the Tehran Times newspaper concerning the urgent action on Ms. Ayubi: "It [the article] stated that 'The West intentionally wants to interfere in the internal matters of Iran, leveling baseless charges.' It also said, 'Such a move by Amnesty is nothing but open interference in Iran's internal affairs'."
The validity of the criminal charges brought against this defendant cannot be ascertained in the absence of the basic guarantees of a fair trial. International human rights organizations have drawn attention to reports indicating that the Islamic Republic’s authorities have brought trumped-up charges against their political opponents and executed them for drug trafficking, sexual, and other criminal offences. Each year, Iranian authorities sentence to death hundreds of alleged common criminals, following judicial processes that fail to meet international standards. The exact number of people convicted based on trumped-up charges is unknown.
Arrest and detention
The circumstances of this defendant’s arrest and detention are not known.
Trial
No information is available on Mrs. Ayubi’s trial.
Charges
The defendant was charged with adultery.
Evidence of guilt
The AI report provides no information on the evidence presented against Mrs. Ayubi.
Defense
No information is available on Mrs. Ayubi's defense.
Judgment
Amnesty International points to conflicting press reports indicating that Ms. Ayubi's death sentence had been commuted in August 2000 but was later upheld by the Supreme Court. She had been sentenced to 15 years imprisonment followed by stoning to death but subsequent news reports indicated that she was to be stoned to death.
Before Ms. Ayubi's execution, Amnesty international had stressed that: "stoning to death is prescribed for certain offences, primarily adultery, under the Iranian Penal Code. According to the Penal Code, men should be buried in a pit in the ground up to their waists, and women buried up to their chests. Individuals who manage to dig themselves out and escape from the pit whilst the stoning is being carried out have their lives spared. Article 104 of the Penal Code states that: ‘...stones should not be too large so that the person dies on being hit by one or two of them...’ and [this punishment] is designed to cause grievous pain leading to eventual death. In the unlikely event that she manages to dig herself free before she is killed by the stones, Mrs. Ayubi will then start her fifteen-year sentence."
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-842.php
Ms. Maryam Ayubi
About
Age 31
Nationality Iran
Religion Presumed Muslim
Civil status Married
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution —
Case
Date of execution July 11, 2001
Location Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran
Mode of execution stoning
Charges Adultery; Unspecified offense
About this Case
Mrs. Maryan Ayubi was convicted of adultery and stoned to death. The news of her death by stoning was reported in an Amnesty International urgent action dated July 11, 2001. “Amnesty International is outraged to learn that Maryam Ayoubi was stoned to death in Evin prison this morning. This is the second stoning to have taken place in Iran in the past two months.”
Mrs. Ayubi's case was the subject of previous Amnesty Internation urgent actions dated January 16 and 18, 2001.
Amnesty also quoted a January 18 article in the Tehran Times newspaper concerning the urgent action on Ms. Ayubi: "It [the article] stated that 'The West intentionally wants to interfere in the internal matters of Iran, leveling baseless charges.' It also said, 'Such a move by Amnesty is nothing but open interference in Iran's internal affairs'."
The validity of the criminal charges brought against this defendant cannot be ascertained in the absence of the basic guarantees of a fair trial. International human rights organizations have drawn attention to reports indicating that the Islamic Republic’s authorities have brought trumped-up charges against their political opponents and executed them for drug trafficking, sexual, and other criminal offences. Each year, Iranian authorities sentence to death hundreds of alleged common criminals, following judicial processes that fail to meet international standards. The exact number of people convicted based on trumped-up charges is unknown.
Arrest and detention
The circumstances of this defendant’s arrest and detention are not known.
Trial
No information is available on Mrs. Ayubi’s trial.
Charges
The defendant was charged with adultery.
Evidence of guilt
The AI report provides no information on the evidence presented against Mrs. Ayubi.
Defense
No information is available on Mrs. Ayubi's defense.
Judgment
Amnesty International points to conflicting press reports indicating that Ms. Ayubi's death sentence had been commuted in August 2000 but was later upheld by the Supreme Court. She had been sentenced to 15 years imprisonment followed by stoning to death but subsequent news reports indicated that she was to be stoned to death.
Before Ms. Ayubi's execution, Amnesty international had stressed that: "stoning to death is prescribed for certain offences, primarily adultery, under the Iranian Penal Code. According to the Penal Code, men should be buried in a pit in the ground up to their waists, and women buried up to their chests. Individuals who manage to dig themselves out and escape from the pit whilst the stoning is being carried out have their lives spared. Article 104 of the Penal Code states that: ‘...stones should not be too large so that the person dies on being hit by one or two of them...’ and [this punishment] is designed to cause grievous pain leading to eventual death. In the unlikely event that she manages to dig herself free before she is killed by the stones, Mrs. Ayubi will then start her fifteen-year sentence."
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-842.php
One person's story
Ms. Parvaneh Eskandari Forouhar
About
Age 60
Nationality Iran
Religion Islam (Shi'a)
Civil status Married
Education university diploma
Occupation teaching professional
Rank/Position Mrs. Parvaneh Eskandari Forouhar was a poet and a leading member of the pro-democracy Iran's Nation Party.
Institution educational establishment
Institution pro-democracy
Case
Date of execution November 22, 1998
Location Iran
Mode of execution extrajudicial-stabbing
Charges Unknown charge
Ms. Parvaneh Eskandari Forouhar
About
Age 60
Nationality Iran
Religion Islam (Shi'a)
Civil status Married
Education university diploma
Occupation teaching professional
Rank/Position Mrs. Parvaneh Eskandari Forouhar was a poet and a leading member of the pro-democracy Iran's Nation Party.
Institution educational establishment
Institution pro-democracy
Case
Date of execution November 22, 1998
Location Iran
Mode of execution extrajudicial-stabbing
Charges Unknown charge
One person's story
Mr. Dariush Forouhar
About
Age 70
Nationality Iran
Religion Islam (Shi'a)
Civil status Married
Education university diploma
Occupation legal professional
Rank/Position Mr. Forouhar was a lawyer and the General Secretary of the banned pro-democracy Iran's Nation Party.
Institution executive, current regime
Institution pro-democracy
Case
Date of execution November 22, 1998
Location Iran
Mode of execution extrajudicial-stabbing
Charges Unknown charge
Mr. Dariush Forouhar
About
Age 70
Nationality Iran
Religion Islam (Shi'a)
Civil status Married
Education university diploma
Occupation legal professional
Rank/Position Mr. Forouhar was a lawyer and the General Secretary of the banned pro-democracy Iran's Nation Party.
Institution executive, current regime
Institution pro-democracy
Case
Date of execution November 22, 1998
Location Iran
Mode of execution extrajudicial-stabbing
Charges Unknown charge
One person's story
Mr. Massoud Amin
About
Age 16
Nationality Iran
Religion Islam
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution armed group, Islamic revolutionary
Case
Date of execution December 1988
Location Tehran, Iran
Mode of execution hanging
Charges War on God, God's Prophet and the deputy of the Twelfth Imam
About this Case
Mr. Massoud Amin is among 3208 members and sympathizers of the People's Mojahedin of Iran Organization (PMIO) whose execution was reported by the organization in a book entitled Crime Against Humanity. This book documents the 1988-89 mass execution of political prisoners. Additional information was drawn from the Bidaran website.
Arrest and detention
No specific information is available on Mr. Amin's arrest and detention.
Trial
The circumstances that led to this defendant's execution are unknown. However, relatives of political prisoners executed in 1988 refute the legality of the judicial process that resulted in thousands of executions throughout Iran. In their 1988 open letter to then Minister of Justice Dr. Habibi, they argue that the official secrecy surrounding these executions is the proof of their illegality. They note that an overwhelming majority of these prisoners had been tried and sentenced to prison terms, which they were either serving or had already completed serving at the time they were retried and sentenced to death.
Charges
No charge has been publicly leveled against the defendant. In their letters to the Minister of Justice (1988), and to the UN Special Rapporteur visiting Iran (February 2003), the families of the victims refer to the authorities' accusations against the prisoners; accusations that may have led to their execution. These accusations include being "counter-revolutionary, anti-religion, and anti-Islam," as well as being "associated with military action or with various [opposition] groups based near the borders."
An edict of the Leader of the Islamic Republic, reproduced in the memoirs of Ayatollah Montazeri, his designated successor, corroborates the reported claims regarding the charges against the executed prisoners. In this edict, Ayatollah Khomeini refers to the PMIO's members as "hypocrites" who do not believe in Islam and "wage war against God" and decrees that prisoners who still approve of the positions taken by this organization are also "waging war against God" and should be sentenced to death.
Evidence of guilt
No information is available regarding the evidence presented against the defendant.
Defense
In their open letter, the families of the prisoners note that defendants were not given the opportunity to defend themselves in court. Against the assertion that prisoners were associated with guerillas operating near the borders, the families submit the isolation of their relatives from the outside during their detention: "Our children lived in most difficult conditions. Visits were limited to 10 minutes behind a glass divider through a telephone every two weeks. We witnessed during the past seven years that they were denied access to anything that would have allowed them to establish contacts outside their prisons' walls." Under such conditions the families reject the claim of the authorities that these prisoners were able to engage with the political groups outside Iran.
Judgment
No sentence was issued publicly.
Mr. Massoud Amin
About
Age 16
Nationality Iran
Religion Islam
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution armed group, Islamic revolutionary
Case
Date of execution December 1988
Location Tehran, Iran
Mode of execution hanging
Charges War on God, God's Prophet and the deputy of the Twelfth Imam
About this Case
Mr. Massoud Amin is among 3208 members and sympathizers of the People's Mojahedin of Iran Organization (PMIO) whose execution was reported by the organization in a book entitled Crime Against Humanity. This book documents the 1988-89 mass execution of political prisoners. Additional information was drawn from the Bidaran website.
Arrest and detention
No specific information is available on Mr. Amin's arrest and detention.
Trial
The circumstances that led to this defendant's execution are unknown. However, relatives of political prisoners executed in 1988 refute the legality of the judicial process that resulted in thousands of executions throughout Iran. In their 1988 open letter to then Minister of Justice Dr. Habibi, they argue that the official secrecy surrounding these executions is the proof of their illegality. They note that an overwhelming majority of these prisoners had been tried and sentenced to prison terms, which they were either serving or had already completed serving at the time they were retried and sentenced to death.
Charges
No charge has been publicly leveled against the defendant. In their letters to the Minister of Justice (1988), and to the UN Special Rapporteur visiting Iran (February 2003), the families of the victims refer to the authorities' accusations against the prisoners; accusations that may have led to their execution. These accusations include being "counter-revolutionary, anti-religion, and anti-Islam," as well as being "associated with military action or with various [opposition] groups based near the borders."
An edict of the Leader of the Islamic Republic, reproduced in the memoirs of Ayatollah Montazeri, his designated successor, corroborates the reported claims regarding the charges against the executed prisoners. In this edict, Ayatollah Khomeini refers to the PMIO's members as "hypocrites" who do not believe in Islam and "wage war against God" and decrees that prisoners who still approve of the positions taken by this organization are also "waging war against God" and should be sentenced to death.
Evidence of guilt
No information is available regarding the evidence presented against the defendant.
Defense
In their open letter, the families of the prisoners note that defendants were not given the opportunity to defend themselves in court. Against the assertion that prisoners were associated with guerillas operating near the borders, the families submit the isolation of their relatives from the outside during their detention: "Our children lived in most difficult conditions. Visits were limited to 10 minutes behind a glass divider through a telephone every two weeks. We witnessed during the past seven years that they were denied access to anything that would have allowed them to establish contacts outside their prisons' walls." Under such conditions the families reject the claim of the authorities that these prisoners were able to engage with the political groups outside Iran.
Judgment
No sentence was issued publicly.
One person's story
Ms. Nafiseh Ashraf-Jahani
About
Age 10
Nationality Iran
Religion Presumed Muslim
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution —
Case
Date of execution —
Location Iran
Mode of execution —
Charges Unknown charge
About this Case
Ms. Nasifeh Ashraf-Jahani is one of the 1533 executed prisoners listed by the Association of Iranian Women of Köln (Germany). The list published in 1997 is entitled: "A partial list of names of women executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran."
Arrest and detention
The circumstances of this defendant’s arrest and detention are not known.
Trial
No information is available on the defendant’s trial.
Charges
The charges against the defendant are unknown.
Evidence of guilt
The report of this execution does not contain information regarding the evidence provided against the defendant.
Defense
No information is available on Ms. Ashraf-Jahani's defense.
Judgment
No specific information regarding the death sentence is available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-11685.php
Ms. Nafiseh Ashraf-Jahani
About
Age 10
Nationality Iran
Religion Presumed Muslim
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution —
Case
Date of execution —
Location Iran
Mode of execution —
Charges Unknown charge
About this Case
Ms. Nasifeh Ashraf-Jahani is one of the 1533 executed prisoners listed by the Association of Iranian Women of Köln (Germany). The list published in 1997 is entitled: "A partial list of names of women executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran."
Arrest and detention
The circumstances of this defendant’s arrest and detention are not known.
Trial
No information is available on the defendant’s trial.
Charges
The charges against the defendant are unknown.
Evidence of guilt
The report of this execution does not contain information regarding the evidence provided against the defendant.
Defense
No information is available on Ms. Ashraf-Jahani's defense.
Judgment
No specific information regarding the death sentence is available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-11685.php
One person's story
Ms. Afsaneh Farabi
About
Age 12
Nationality Iran
Religion Presumed Muslim
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution —
Case
Date of execution —
Location Iran
Mode of execution unspecified execution method
Charges Unknown charge
About this Case
Ms. Afsaneh Farabi is one of the 1533 executed prisoners listed by the Association of Iranian Women of Köln (Germany). The list published in 1997 is entitled: "A partial list of names of women executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran."
Arrest and detention
The circumstances of this defendant’s arrest and detention are not known.
Trial
No information is available on the defendant’s trial.
Charges
The charges against the defendant are unknown.
Evidence of guilt
The report of this execution does not contain information regarding the evidence provided against the defendant.
Defense
No information is available on Ms. Farabi's defense.
Judgment
No specific information regarding the death sentence is available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-21317.php
Ms. Afsaneh Farabi
About
Age 12
Nationality Iran
Religion Presumed Muslim
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution —
Case
Date of execution —
Location Iran
Mode of execution unspecified execution method
Charges Unknown charge
About this Case
Ms. Afsaneh Farabi is one of the 1533 executed prisoners listed by the Association of Iranian Women of Köln (Germany). The list published in 1997 is entitled: "A partial list of names of women executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran."
Arrest and detention
The circumstances of this defendant’s arrest and detention are not known.
Trial
No information is available on the defendant’s trial.
Charges
The charges against the defendant are unknown.
Evidence of guilt
The report of this execution does not contain information regarding the evidence provided against the defendant.
Defense
No information is available on Ms. Farabi's defense.
Judgment
No specific information regarding the death sentence is available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-21317.php
One person's story
Ms. Nasrin Nur Imani
About
Age 15
Nationality Iran
Religion —
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution —
Case
Date of execution —
Location Iran
Mode of execution hanging
Charges Unknown charge
About this Case
Ms. Nasrin Nur Imani is one of the 1533 executed prisoners listed by the Association of Iranian Women of Köln (Germany). The list published in 1997 is entitled: "A partial list of names of women executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran."
Arrest and detention
The circumstances of this defendant’s arrest and detention are not known.
Trial
No information is available on the defendant’s trial.
Charges
The charges against the defendant are unknown.
Evidence of guilt
The report of this execution does not contain information regarding the evidence provided against the defendant.
Defense
No information is available on Ms. Nur Imani's defense.
Judgment
No specific information regarding the death sentence is available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-21762.php
Ms. Nasrin Nur Imani
About
Age 15
Nationality Iran
Religion —
Civil status —
Education —
Occupation —
Rank/Position —
Institution —
Case
Date of execution —
Location Iran
Mode of execution hanging
Charges Unknown charge
About this Case
Ms. Nasrin Nur Imani is one of the 1533 executed prisoners listed by the Association of Iranian Women of Köln (Germany). The list published in 1997 is entitled: "A partial list of names of women executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran."
Arrest and detention
The circumstances of this defendant’s arrest and detention are not known.
Trial
No information is available on the defendant’s trial.
Charges
The charges against the defendant are unknown.
Evidence of guilt
The report of this execution does not contain information regarding the evidence provided against the defendant.
Defense
No information is available on Ms. Nur Imani's defense.
Judgment
No specific information regarding the death sentence is available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.abfiran.org/english/person-21762.php
A young girl in Tehran in 1981…
...Arrested for swimming in her home pool in a bathing suit, she was found guilty of causing "a state of sexual arousal" in a neighbor from whose house she could be seen. She was sentenced to sixty lashes in April 1981, but she died after the thirtieth lash.
...Arrested for swimming in her home pool in a bathing suit, she was found guilty of causing "a state of sexual arousal" in a neighbor from whose house she could be seen. She was sentenced to sixty lashes in April 1981, but she died after the thirtieth lash.
A photographer in 2003 …
...A single mother, she had struggled to raise a child
and to build a career in exile. Her son remembers her as a small but feisty and courageous woman who loved freedom. She left her son for a business trip to Iran and Afghanistan. She was arrested while photographing a group of people inquiring about their detained loved ones. She was interrogated and beaten for refusing to confess to being a spy. She died in a military hospital in Tehran on July 10.
...A single mother, she had struggled to raise a child
and to build a career in exile. Her son remembers her as a small but feisty and courageous woman who loved freedom. She left her son for a business trip to Iran and Afghanistan. She was arrested while photographing a group of people inquiring about their detained loved ones. She was interrogated and beaten for refusing to confess to being a spy. She died in a military hospital in Tehran on July 10.
Breaking News from ABCNEWS.com:
EXCLUSIVE: A Pakistani tribal militant group responsible for a series of deadly guerrilla raids inside Iran has been secretly encouraged and advised by American officials since 2005, U.S. and Pakistani intelligence sources tell ABC News.
EXCLUSIVE: A Pakistani tribal militant group responsible for a series of deadly guerrilla raids inside Iran has been secretly encouraged and advised by American officials since 2005, U.S. and Pakistani intelligence sources tell ABC News.
This is a "lo-fi" version of our main content. To view the full version with more information, formatting and images, please click here.