This is an interesting article about the Bush strategy for the Middle East:
Hands-Off
Bush's Risky Mideast Strategy:
Seek Change, Not Quick Peace
Rice Will Solicit Backing
To Disarm Hezbollah;
Fears of a Broader War
New Order or Chaos Ahead?
By NEIL KING JR. in Washington, KARBY LEGGETT in Jerusalem and JAY SOLOMON in Beirut
July 19, 2006; Page A1
Ten years ago, when Hezbollah and Israeli forces engaged in a multiweek bloodbath, President Clinton sent Secretary of State Warren Christopher to the region for six days of intensive shuttle diplomacy between Damascus and Jerusalem. In the end, he won a cease-fire deal that ended the fighting, at least temporarily.
Today, the Bush administration has a starkly different approach. Emphasizing fundamental change over short-term peace and stability, President Bush and his top diplomat, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, have no intention of launching a similar round of diplomacy to end the current fighting. Visiting Damascus is out of the question. And a cease-fire isn't their most pressing aim, they say.
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Instead, when Ms. Rice ventures to the region as early as this weekend, administration officials say that her mission will be to build support for the effective crippling of Hezbollah, which has two ministers in the country's government and popular backing across southern Lebanon. They also hope the crisis will end up limiting the influence of Hezbollah's chief sponsors, Syria and Iran.
"Sometimes it requires tragic situations to help bring clarity in the international community," President Bush said Tuesday. "I want the world to address the root causes of the problem, and the root cause is Hezbollah." He also called for allies to "continue to work to isolate Iran."
Ms. Rice, in her own remarks to reporters, said the administration has "to make certain that anything that we do is going to be of lasting value. The Middle East has been through too many spasms of violence, and we have to deal with underlying conditions so that we can create sustainable conditions for political progress there."
The Bush administration's attempts to use the current crisis to force long-lasting change carries high risks. A prolonged Israeli bombardment of Lebanon could deepen support in the Arab world for Hezbollah and Iran, while further weakening the moderate and anti-Syrian Lebanese prime minister, Fouad Siniora. Mr. Bush Tuesday said it was "essential" that the Lebanese government survive the current assault.
There is also the possibility that the hostilities will escalate if Hezbollah strikes Tel Aviv, potentially prompting Israel to strike back directly at Syria. Meanwhile, the U.S. push for a no-compromise hard-line puts its Arab allies, such as Egypt and Jordan, in a tough spot: It could force them to either disavow the American line, or to openly take Israel's side against Syria and Iran, a stance that could trigger unrest in their own countries.
Many top officials in Europe and Arab capitals are calling for a far speedier end to the current fighting than Washington supports. Some are calling for the introduction of international peacekeeping forces into Southern Lebanon.
With attacks by Israel and Hezbollah intensifying daily, the current crisis is emerging as a critical test of President Bush's belief that tumultuous change in the Mideast is preferable to what he once dismissed as the region's "false stability of dictatorship and stagnation." President Bush did more than anyone to disrupt that status quo by invading Iraq in 2003, and both U.S. and Arab officials now see the current conflict in Lebanon as part of a broader reshaping of the Middle East. The question is whether the result is deeper chaos or a more enduring peace.
The fighting is almost certain to continue for days, if not weeks, to come. Tuesday, Israel continued pounding Lebanon, killing 31 people in all. In one raid, Israeli warplanes struck a Lebanese army barracks, killing 11 soldiers, including four officers, and wounding 30 others. The Israeli air force also destroyed a truck traveling from Damascus and carrying medical supplies donated by the United Arab Emirates. That attack was part of a new campaign by Israel to prevent Hezbollah from smuggling in new rockets from Syria to replenish its stocks.
Possible Ground Invasion
Meanwhile, a top Israeli general suggested Tuesday that the bombing campaign in Lebanon could run for weeks. In a potential major escalation, he also said that a large-scale ground invasion in Lebanon was still a possibility. "We aren't ruling it out," Maj. Gen. Moshe Kaplinski told Israel Radio.
Hezbollah continued its own offensive, shooting 85 additional rockets across northern Israel. One salvo knocked down a three-story house, killing one person and wounding several others. Hezbollah also targeted Haifa, Israel's third-largest city, for the third day in a row. One rocket fell near Haifa's port and train depot, though no casualties were reported. The Haifa port, one of Israel's two largest, remained closed. After seven days, the death toll stood at 226 Lebanese and 25 Israelis.
The U.S. began to evacuate small numbers of Americans from Beirut, with plans for much larger pullouts Wednesday, as some Democrats in Congress blasted the administration for its sluggish rescue efforts.
The current Bush drive to refashion the Middle East stretches back, in some ways, to the 2000 presidential campaign. At the time, then-Texas governor Bush openly criticized the Clinton administration's intense involvement in negotiations between the Israelis and Arabs. Mr. Bush faulted the administration for treating the two sides as essentially equivalent parties in a dispute, rather than taking sides. The words translated into policy almost immediately after the 2001 terrorist attacks. Bush officials said they had no desire to repeat decades of diplomacy aimed at simply stopping violence without addressing underlying problems.
In quick succession, President Bush cut off ties to the now-deceased Palestinian leader Yassir Arafat and criticized past administrations for seeking to preserve the status quo in the region by catering to leaders like the late Syrian leader Hafez Assad. In 2003, Mr. Bush described the war to topple Iraq's Saddam Hussein as not just an attempt to remove a potential threat to the U.S., but as a crucial step toward resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and bringing democracy to the entire Middle East.
Administration critics say the Bush approach to the region has done more harm than good. They say the current crisis is symptomatic of a policy of "benign neglect" in the Middle East. As evidence, they cite the hands-off U.S. approach to the Israeli-Palestinian problem and the general Bush view that the region must slay its own demons on the road to democracy. The U.S. now refuses to talk to Syria's leaders, and pulled the U.S. ambassador from Damascus last year after the assassination in Beirut of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. The U.S. hasn't had high-level contacts with Iran for decades. It talks to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas but not to the Hamas-led Palestinian Authority.
Critics charge that this stance has left the administration so isolated from the region that it has little leverage over the actors best placed to defuse the crisis, namely Iran and Syria, as well as the leaders of Hezbollah and Hamas.
Broad Room
By robustly defending Israel's right to go after Hezbollah, Washington has given Israel broad room to conduct the war at a pace it decides. "The support we are getting from Washington is unprecedented," said an adviser to Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert.
Administration officials say their strategy is to see Hezbollah militarily weakened through the current wave of clashes, and then to have Ms. Rice use her Middle East trip to win support in the region for a real move to implement the 2004 United Nations resolution, 1559, calling for the disarmament of Hezbollah and the deployment of the Lebanese army into Southern Lebanon. "She will go only to push for an enduring solution," one official said of Ms. Rice.
But even with added room to maneuver, it's highly unlikely that Israel will be able to achieve its stated military goal of wiping out both Hezbollah and Hamas. In both Lebanon and Gaza, these are highly popular, deeply entrenched movements that run enormous social-service networks. In hundreds of Lebanese and Palestinian towns, the two groups have taken control of the local governments via popular elections. In the West Bank and Gaza, Hamas now runs the Palestinian Authority after winning an outright majority in the January parliamentary election.
What's more, previous military confrontations with both Hezbollah and Hamas have only added to those groups' prestige and in many cases bolstered recruiting to their military wings, Israeli officials acknowledge. One example: Amid Israel's military campaign in Gaza, a new all-female Palestinian group that calls itself the "Army of Suicide Bombers" was formed this week.
Israel's aim of crippling Hezbollah could also leave the two sides locked in an ever-escalating battle that eventually spills into a regional war.
The risk is that Hezbollah may seek to ratchet up its attacks in the days ahead, possibly employing long-range missiles capable of hitting Tel Aviv. The group is estimated to have dozens of such missiles. Last weekend it fired one, scoring a direct hit on an Israeli navy warship, killing four sailors. Another concern is the group may seek to target sensitive military and industrial facilities. Either scenario could force Israel to retaliate in an even more-aggressive manner.
Fears of Broader War
Taken to an extreme, some officials and analysts say it could leave Israel with no option but to attack Hezbollah's main backers, Syria and Iran. If that were to happen, the war could engulf the entire Middle East region.
Though unlikely, that possibility is by no means implausible. Two months ago, Hezbollah targeted and hit a sensitive Israeli military outpost used for electronic eavesdropping. On Sunday, a Hezbollah rocket barrage struck about 100 feet from one of Israel's most important weapons-research facility in the Haifa area. That attack is worrisome for Israel because it suggests Hezbollah may have acquired detailed intelligence on Israel's most-sensitive military and civilian facilities.
Sunni Arab leaders in places like Lebanon, Jordan and Egypt worry that the current conflict provides yet more evidence that Iran is seeking to broaden its influence in the region, at the moment through Shiite proxies like Hezbollah and the Mahdi Army in Iraq. Tehran, through money and high-end armaments like Hezbollah's long-range missiles, is seen as increasingly seeking to take the lead in the fight against Israel. The move is sure to give Tehran added prestige among ordinary Arabs on the street, enhancing the divide between citizens and their leaders.
Most Vulnerable
Jordan is among the countries most vulnerable to the instability gripping Iraq and Lebanon. Its population is more than 60% Palestinian and strongly supportive of organizations like Hamas and Hezbollah in their fight against Israel. Al Qaeda militants fighting in Iraq, meanwhile, have repeatedly sought to strike the Hashemite Kingdom, succeeding in blowing up the lobbies of three luxury hotels in Amman last November.
Jordanian officials say they increasingly feel that they're being caught in the vise between Washington and a newly empowered Tehran. Attempts to confront Iran and Hezbollah could feed more unrest internally, say these officials. But allowing Iran to continue supporting Hezbollah and develop nuclear arms could significantly shift the balance in the Middle East.
"Either way we lose," said a senior Jordanian official.
Write to Neil King Jr. at neil.king@wsj.com21, Karby Leggett at karby.leggett@wsj.com22 and Jay Solomon at jay.solomon@wsj.com23
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