Three Mile Island 29 Years Later: Nuclear Safety Problems Still Unresolved
Adding New Plants to Aging Fleet Will Increase Risk Without Safety Reform,
Science Group Says
March 27, 2008 Union of Concerned Scientists
Citizens and Scientists for Environmental Solutions
http://www.ucsusa.orghttp://www.ucsusa.org/news/press_release/t...s-lat-0104.htmlWASHINGTON (March 27, 2008) — The partial meltdown at the Three Mile Island
nuclear power plant began on March 28, 1979. Since the accident, not a
single new nuclear power plant has been ordered in the United States.
Indeed, 74 plants under construction at the time of the accident were
cancelled. But in just the past year, the nuclear industry has stepped up
its efforts to secure government funding for a new fleet of nuclear power
plants. Unfortunately, over the last three decades, neither plant owners nor
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) have adequately addressed the basic
flaws in U.S. nuclear safety that led to the Three Mile Island accident,
according to the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS).
"Three Mile Island was almost 30 years ago so perhaps the industry and the
NRC have forgotten about it," said Dave Lochbaum, the director of UCS's
Nuclear Safety Project. "But you can bet that even the people who welcome
new plants in their communities will want to know if what happened at Three
Mile Island could happen to them. As of right now, the industry and the NRC
haven't done enough to ensure them it won't."
The Three Mile Island accident was triggered by a loss of reactor cooling
water. Before the accident, the plant's cooling system valves had broken
down 10 times over the preceding year. Instead of replacing the faulty
valves, workers opened them manually to keep the plant operating. When other
equipment problems occurred during the eleventh valve failure in March 1979,
control room operators were overwhelmed and the plant suffered a partial
meltdown.
Since then, the NRC and plant owners have focused more on keeping nuclear
plants running over the short-term than ensuring their safety, Lochbaum
said. That strategy has allowed a number of safety problems at plants to
build up over time. When the accumulated problems cause enough interruptions
to harm a plant's profitability, owners shut them down for extensive safety
overhauls. Since Three Mile Island, utilities have had to shut down 41
plants for a year or more, a total of 51 times.
Nuclear accidents are most likely to occur at the beginning or end of a
plant's operating lifetime, Lochbaum pointed out. When a plant first goes on
line, workers have to acclimate to new equipment that has not been tested in
real-world situations. Meanwhile, at the end of a plant's life, workers have
to compensate for increasingly degraded hardware. Three Mile Island and
other major nuclear accidents, including ones at Chernobyl, Browns Ferry in
Alabama and Fermi near Detroit, occurred shortly after the plants started
operating. Now most of the 104 currently operating U.S. nuclear power plants
are entering the high-risk period at the end of their originally intended
40-year lifespans.
If the nuclear industry constructs a new fleet of power plants, Lochbaum
said, there will be at a higher risk for a nuclear accident because nearly
all of the plants in the United States will be either very new or very old.
"If the industry wants to build a new generation of nuclear plants, it first
should prove that it can safely operate the ones currently in operation," he
said. "And before the NRC approves any new plants, the agency should make
sure the industry isn't as careless with its new plants as it was with its
old ones."
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