QUOTE(DonC @ Dec 4 2004, 07:13 AM)
OK, I'm gonna be insensitive and ignorant here.
I gotta say this hasn't clarified anything for me. Here's what I thought transgender meant:
(actually, I've always thought the term was transsexual)
There are people who feel they are a (man/woman) trapped in a (woman's/man's) body. I always thought it had to do with sexual attraction. That is, wanting to have heterosexual sex with people of their current physical sex. Some have operations to switch over, some are gay, and some just live with it, albeit in various states of misery. I have understood that many such people are, in fact, borderline physically. That is, not all fetuses develop 100% male or 100% female - there are gray areas. Occasionally someone is really half-and-half - an hermaphrodite. Others may be mostly male or mostly female by appearances, but hormonally (and thus emotionally) more like the other.
But having so-called feminine feelings while being male physically would not be transgender. It would just be maybe a nicer guy than the typically macho redneck chauvinest pig !
Transgender would refer to those who actually take the plunge and cross over surgically to the other sex.
Or maybe I've confused the whole thing with transsexual, and transgender is something else entirely?
This is why there are so many different areas. Transgender is one term and that is what I am. A friend of mine that I know is transsexual. There is also the term Transvestite.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransgenderTransgender is generally used as a catch-all umbrella term for a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups centered around the full or partial reversal of gender roles;
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Transsexual people are people who desire to have, or have achieved, a different physical sex from what they had at birth. One typical (though oversimplified) explanation is of a "woman trapped in a man's body" or vice versa; many transsexuals state that they were in fact always (for example) of the female gender, but were assigned the male gender as a child on the basis of their genitals, and having realized that they are women, wish to change their bodies to match.
The process of physical transition for transsexuals usually includes hormone replacement therapy, and may include sexual reassignment surgery.
Some spell the term transexual with one s in order to reduce the association of their identity with psychiatry and medicine.
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Transsexual "vs." Transgender
Transgender is often used as a euphemistic synonym for transsexual people by some. The reasoning for this is that it removes the conceptual image "sex" in "transsexual" that implies transsexuality is sexually motivated, which it is not. This usage is problematic because it can cause transgender people who do not identify as transsexual to be confused with them.
Furthermore, many transsexuals reject the term "transgender" as an identification for themselves - either as a synonym or as an umbrella term. They advance a number of arguments for this. One argument is that the use of the umbrella term inaccurately subsumes them and causes their identity, history, and existence to be marginalized. Another is that they perceive transgender to be the breaking down of gender barriers, whereas transsexual people themselves usually identify as men or as women - just not as they were assigned at birth. A third occasionally mentioned is that they did not change gender at any point - they have always had their gender (identity), and the difficulty is their sex, which they desire to change. However, others point out that transsexual people do change their gender role at some point, and that most non-transsexual transgendered people always had their gender identity, too.
A more problematic dispute with the use of the term "transsexual" is that it refers to processes of chemical and/or anatomical modification that do not actually render an individual reproductively viable after transition processes, nor change sex chromosomes. Particularly, crticism of transsexual women by some feminists includes the contention that their transition is cosmetic rather than fundamental, and they are thus not "really" changing their sex at all (thus the use of transgender) - these critics claim that the presumption of reproductive viability is what distinguishes "women" from "men". This argument is used to discount the rights of identification and association with other women that transsexual women might claim. However, many arguments that link whether someone is a "woman" or a "man" based on reproductive capability, or chromosomes, fall apart when considering non-transsexual people who are infertile or non-transsexual men or women who have a chromosomal configuration contrary to other men and women in the general population.
Probably many of these problems are associated with the history of the term "transgender" and its other definitions; see above.
To respect the identity of those transsexual people who do not identify as transgender, the constructions trans, trans*, or transgender and transsexual may be used.
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The term remains in flux, but the most accepted definition is currently:
People who were assigned a gender at birth, based on their genitals, but who feel that this is a false or incomplete description of themselves.
Another one is: Non-identification with, or non-presentation as, the gender one was assigned at birth.
Transgendered people may or may not have had medical gender reassignment therapy, and may or may not have any interest in such a procedure.
When referring to the two basic "directions" of transgender, the terms Transman for female-to-male (which may be further abbreviated to FtM) transgendered people and Transwoman for male-to-female (which may be further abbreviated to MtF) transgendered people are often used. In the past it had always been assumed that there were considerably more transwomen than transmen. However, the ratio is approaching 1:1.
Transgender can include a number of sub-categories, which, among others, include transsexuals, cross-dressers, transvestites, consciously androgynous people, drag kings and drag queens. Usually not included, because in most cases it is not a gender issue (although in practice the line can be hard to draw) are transvestic fetishists.
Many people also identify as plainly transgender, although they may fit the definition of any of the previously mentioned categories as well.
The opposite of transgender is cisgender.
The terms gender dysphoria and "gender identity disorder" are used in the medical community to explain these tendencies as a psychological condition and the reaction to its social consequences.
The extent of how intersex people are included in the transgender category is often debated. Not all intersex people have a problem with the gender role they were assigned at birth, nor do all intersex people have any problems with gender identity. Those who have, though, are sometimes included in transgender.
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Other definitions
Originally, the term transgender was coined in the 1970s by Virginia Prince in the USA, as a contrast with the term "transsexual," to refer to someone who does not desire surgical intervention to "change sex," and/or who considers that they fall "between" genders, not identifying strictly to one gender or the other, identifying themselves as neither fully male, nor female.
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Transgenderists
Often in older writings (pre ~1990s), but rarely today, the term transgender is used to refer to these "non-op transsexuals" or "non-op transpeople" - transpeople or transsexuals who live as the gender opposite to their birth gender and, though sexual reassignment surgery is possible, have chosen not to undergo it; sometimes they also choose not have other medical gender reassignment therapy. However, sometimes, for example in the Netherlands (but not in the rest of Europe) the term transgender is still in use for this particular group instead of being used as such an umbrella term.
This group is also sometimes known as Transgenderists or non-op transsexual.
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Transgender as "in between"
Transgender is sometimes also used specifically in an "in-between" sense, rather than as an umbrella term.
A newer related term is genderqueer, which refers to the mixing of qualities traditionally associated with "male" and "female," and can also refer to the "in-between" sense sometimes associated with transgender or transgenderism .